Abstract

Rice bran lecithin (RBL) is a mixture of phospholipids which is obtained as a by-product during the refining of rice bran oil. The emulsifying properties of RBL help in the production of nanoemulsions. Ultrasonication is a high energy approach to produce nanoemulsions with small droplet size and high kinetic stability in comparison to the coarse emulsion. The current study aims to develop stable nanoemulsions using different concentrations of RBL as an emulsifier by ultrasonication (60% amplitude, 40 cycles). Xanthan gum is used as a stabilizing agent for the nanoemulsions. The stability of nanoemulsions under optimum conditions (pH 7, 25 °C) was determined. The nanoemulsions were characterized by determining creaming index, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), microstructure analysis, zeta potential, and shear viscosity. The emulsion with the highest concentration of RBL showed maximum kinetic stability against phase separation. The size of nanoemulsions vary in the range of (10–150 nm), the droplet size analysis showed the stability of nanoemulsions on the 14th day of preparation. Microstructure analysis of droplets on different days of storage showed uniform distribution of droplets in the nanoemulsion, thus leading to high kinetic stability. The zeta potential remained negative due to the adsorption of anionic lecithin on the droplet surface. The viscosity of the nanoemulsion formed after ultrasonication exhibited lower viscosity than the preemulsion due to the formation of small droplets.

摘要

米糠卵磷脂 (RBL) 是一种磷脂混合物，是在米糠油精炼过程中作为副产品获得的。RBL 的乳化特性有助于纳米乳液的生产。与粗乳液相比，超声波是一种高能量方法，可用于生产具有小液滴尺寸和高动力学稳定性的纳米乳液。目前的研究旨在通过超声处理（60% 振幅，40 个循环）使用不同浓度的 RBL 作为乳化剂开发稳定的纳米乳液。黄原胶用作纳米乳液的稳定剂。确定了纳米乳液在最佳条件（pH 7，25°C）下的稳定性。纳米乳液的特征在于确定乳油化指数、液滴尺寸、多分散指数 (PDI)、微观结构分析、zeta 电位和剪切粘度。具有最高 RBL 浓度的乳液显示出最大的抗相分离动力学稳定性。纳米乳的大小在 (10-150 nm) 范围内变化，液滴大小分析显示纳米乳在制备第 14 天的稳定性。不同储存天数的液滴微观结构分析表明，液滴在纳米乳液中分布均匀，因此具有较高的动力学稳定性。由于阴离子卵磷脂吸附在液滴表面，zeta 电位保持为负。由于形成小液滴，超声处理后形成的纳米乳液的粘度比预乳液的粘度低。液滴大小分析显示纳米乳剂在制备第 14 天时的稳定性。不同储存天数的液滴微观结构分析表明，液滴在纳米乳液中分布均匀，因此具有较高的动力学稳定性。由于阴离子卵磷脂吸附在液滴表面，zeta 电位保持为负。由于形成小液滴，超声处理后形成的纳米乳液的粘度比预乳液的粘度低。液滴大小分析显示纳米乳剂在制备第 14 天时的稳定性。不同储存天数的液滴微观结构分析表明，液滴在纳米乳液中分布均匀，因此具有较高的动力学稳定性。由于阴离子卵磷脂吸附在液滴表面，zeta 电位保持为负。由于形成小液滴，超声处理后形成的纳米乳液的粘度比预乳液的粘度低。