The recent development of recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) potentially allows more sustainable and controlled rearing conditions. However, control of suspended microparticles and microalgae in RAS is challenging, as uncontrolled blooms of toxic algae or heterotrophic dinoflagellates can have catastrophic impacts on the production of fish. In this study, we tested the potential of protein skimmers to remove microalgae. In 100 L batch tests, protein skimmers were tested separately and in combination with ozone (O₃), ultraviolet (UV) or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Three different and distinct microalgae cultures were tested with densities from 30,000 to 120,000 algae cells/ml in a triplicated experimental setup. Trial 1 included twelve 24‐hr replicated tests where protein skimmers with air or with two levels of ozone (low and high O₃ exposure) were compared. The protein skimmer with air alone had a limited effect on the removal of microalgae compared to the untreated control algae tanks. When ozone and protein skimmers were combined, a clear additive effect was found, and all added microalgae were removed. Low O₃ dosage and protein skimmers completely removed the algae cultures within 12 hr, while more than 95% of the algae were removed within 7 hr when a higher ozone dose was used. The second trial compared the removal capacity of protein skimmers in combination with UV, H₂O₂ and O₃. These experiments showed no to limited additive effect of UV combined with protein skimming, but significantly increased removal efficiency (270% and 1,300%, respectively) was found when H₂O₂ and ozone were combined with a protein skimmer. The study showed an algae species‐specific response to a protein skimmer with ozonation and provided information on the transition from reactivity and consumption to accumulation of ozone‐produced oxidants.

中文翻译：

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泡沫分离和化学消毒对去除不同微藻培养物的影响

循环水产养殖系统（RAS）的最新发展可能使饲养条件更加可持续和可控。但是，控制有毒的藻类或异养藻类鞭毛藻的无节制繁殖可能对鱼类的生产造成灾难性影响，因此控制RAS中的悬浮微粒和微藻类具有挑战性。在这项研究中，我们测试了蛋白质脱脂剂去除微藻的潜力。在100 L分批测试中，分别对蛋白质撇油器和臭氧（O ₃），紫外线（UV）或过氧化氢（H ₂ O _{2）进行了测试。}）。在一式三份的实验装置中，以30,000至120,000个藻类细胞/ ml的密度测试了三种不同且不同的微藻培养物。试验1包括12个24小时重复测试，比较了空气中或两种臭氧水平下（低和高O ₃暴露量）的蛋白质撇油器。与未处理的对照藻类储罐相比，仅使用空气的蛋白质分离器对微藻的去除效果有限。将臭氧和蛋白质撇油剂组合在一起时，发现了明显的累加效果，所有添加的微藻都被去除了。低氧₃剂量和撇脂剂在12个小时内完全去除了藻类培养物，而当使用更高的臭氧剂量时，超过75％的藻类在7个小时内去除了。第二项试验比较了与UV，H ₂ O ₂和O ₃结合的脱脂蛋白质的去除能力。这些实验表明，紫外线与蛋白质脱脂结合不会产生有限的累加作用，但是当H ₂ O ₂去除效率显着提高（分别为270％和1300％）。和臭氧与蛋白质分离器结合在一起。这项研究显示了藻类对臭氧分离蛋白分离器的特定反应，并提供了有关从反应性和消耗到臭氧产生氧化剂积累的过渡信息。