Millennia of human conflict with wildlife have built a culture of intolerance toward wildlife among some stakeholders. We explored 2 key obstacles to improved human-wildlife coexistence: coexistence inequality (how the costs and benefits of coexisting with wildlife are unequally shared) and intolerance. The costs of coexisting with wildlife are often disproportionately borne by the so-called global south and rural communities, and the benefits often flow to the global north and urban dwellers. Attitudes and behaviors toward wildlife (tolerance versus intolerance) vary with social and cultural norms. We suggest more empathetic advocacy is needed that, for example, promotes conservation while appropriately considering those who bear the costs of conflict with wildlife. To achieve more equitable cost-sharing, we suggest limiting the costs incurred by those most affected or by sharing those costs more widely. For example, we advocate for the development of improved wildlife compensation schemes, increasing the scale of rewilding efforts, and preventing wildlife-derived revenue leaching out of the local communities bearing the costs of coexistence.

中文翻译：

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解决人类与野生动物共存中的不平等和不容忍问题

数千年来人类与野生动物的冲突已经在一些利益相关者中形成了对野生动物的不容忍文化。我们探讨了改善人类与野生动物共存的两个主要障碍：共存不平等（如何不平等地分享与野生动物共存的成本和收益）和不容忍。与野生动物共存的成本往往不成比例地由所谓的全球南方和农村社区承担，而收益往往流向全球北方和城市居民。对野生动物的态度和行为（容忍与不容忍）因社会和文化规范而异。我们建议需要更多善解人意的倡导，例如，促进保护，同时适当考虑那些承担与野生动物冲突成本的人。为了实现更公平的成本分摊，我们建议限制受影响最大的人承担的费用，或者更广泛地分担这些费用。例如，我们提倡制定改进的野生动物补偿计划，增加重新野生化工作的规模，并防止承担共存成本的当地社区从野生动物衍生的收入中流失。