Premise Worldwide, ecosystems are threatened by global changes, including biological invasions. Invasive species arriving in novel environments experience new climatic conditions that can affect their successful establishment. Determining the response of functional traits and fitness components of invasive populations from contrasting environments can provide a useful framework to assess species responses to climate change and the variability of these responses among source populations. Much research on macrophytes has focused on establishment from clonal fragments; however, colonization from sexual propagules has rarely been studied. Our objective was to compare trait responses of plants generated from sexual propagules sourced from three climatic regions but grown under common environmental conditions, using L. peploides subsp. montevidensis as a model taxon. Methods We grew seedlings to reproductive stage in experimental mesocosms under a mediterranean California (MCA) climate from seeds collected in oceanic France (OFR), mediterranean France (MFR), and MCA. Results Seed source region was a major factor influencing differences among invasive plants recruiting from sexual propagules of L. peploides subsp. montevidensis. Trait responses of young individual recruits from MCA and OFR, sourced from geographically distant and climatically distinct source regions, were the most different. The MCA individuals accumulated more biomass, flowered earlier, and had higher leaf N concentrations than the OFR plants. Those from MFR had intermediate profiles. Conclusions By showing that the closer a seedling is from its parental climate, the better it performs, this study provides new insights to the understanding of colonization of invasive plant species and informs its management under novel and changing environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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种子来源地区导致入侵大型植物的适应性差异


前提 在世界范围内，生态系统受到全球变化的威胁，包括生物入侵。到达新环境的入侵物种会经历新的气候条件，这可能会影响它们的成功定居。从对比环境中确定入侵种群的功能性状和适应性成分的反应，可以提供一个有用的框架来评估物种对气候变化的反应以及源种群之间这些反应的变异性。许多关于大型植物的研究都集中在从克隆片段的建立上。然而，很少研究有性繁殖体的定植。我们的目的是比较来自三个气候地区但在常见环境条件下生长的有性繁殖体产生的植物的性状反应，使用 L. peploides subsp. montevidensis 作为模型分类单元。方法 我们利用在法国海洋地区 (OFR)、法国地中海地区 (MFR) 和 MCA 收集的种子，在地中海加利福尼亚 (MCA) 气候下的实验中生态系统中将幼苗培育至繁殖阶段。结果种子来源地区是影响L. peploides subsp.有性繁殖体招募入侵植物差异的主要因素。蒙特维登西斯。来自 MCA 和 OFR 的年轻新兵来自地理遥远且气候不同的来源地区，其特征反应差异最大。与 OFR 植物相比，MCA 个体积累了更多的生物量，开花更早，并且叶片氮浓度更高。来自 MFR 的那些具有中间轮廓。 结论 通过表明幼苗距离其亲本气候越近，它的表现就越好，这项研究为理解入侵植物物种的定植提供了新的见解，并为在新的和不断变化的环境条件下的管理提供了信息。