The genus Artemia (Crustacea; Anostraca) is a complex of sibling species and superspecies defined by the criterion of reproductive isolation. Two sexual species are represented in the New World: Artemia persimilis and Artemia franciscana. In Brazil, Artemia franciscana populations are found on a year-round and permanent basis in Rio Grande do Norte as a result of inoculations made in Macau in April 1977 with cysts from a San Francisco Bay (California, USA) stock. Through the years, introduced Artemia dispersed to over 40,000 ha of saltworks and became an important asset in the development of a successful shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture industry in northeastern Brazil. On a yearly basis, a substantial part (approximately 20 %) of the 20 tonnes of cysts currently used by the Brazilian shrimp culture industry is harvested in local saltworks. However, there are growing concerns about the long-term sustainability of current harvesting practices. Not only Artemia is being collected in a reduced area (several hundred hectares of saltworks have been converted to shrimp grow-out ponds), but most importantly, there are indications that overharvesting of cysts has caused a directional reproductive shift to ovoviviparity (direct production of free-living nauplii) in local brine shrimp populations. The sustainable harvesting of Artemia franciscana cysts in Brazilian salterns is critical for ecological, social and economic reasons. Careful management of this essential resource requires a science-based approach with eyes open for the possible effects of exploitation-induced selection before it seriously impacts the viability of this emerging form of extractive aquaculture.

卤虫属（甲壳纲；无孔雀属）是由繁殖隔离标准定义的同胞物种和超级物种的复合体。在新世界中有两种有性物种：柿子蒿和方济各会。在巴西，卤虫群体在Rio Grande全年和长期的基础上发现do Norte的在澳门与来自旧金山湾（美国加利福尼亚州）的股票囊肿取得了1977年4月接种的结果。多年来，引进的卤虫分散在超过40,000公顷的盐厂中，并成为成功开发虾的重要资产（南美白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei））巴西东北部的文化产业。每年，巴西虾类养殖业目前使用的20吨囊肿中有很大一部分（约20％）是在当地盐厂收获的。但是，人们对当前收割方法的长期可持续性越来越关注。不仅在减少的地区收集了卤虫病（数百公顷的盐厂已转变为虾类成虾池塘），而且最重要的是，有迹象表明，过度收获的囊肿已导致生殖生殖方向向卵子存活性转移（直接生产卵囊）。自由活动的无节幼体）。Franciscana卤虫的可持续收获由于生态，社会和经济原因，巴西盐罐中的囊肿至关重要。认真管理这一必不可少的资源，需要采取科学的方法，对开垦导致的选择可能产生的影响睁大眼睛，然后才严重影响这种新兴形式的水产养殖的生存能力。