The petroleum and coal models of the unidentified infrared emissions (UIE), sometimes referred also as unidentified infrared bands (UIBs) has been reviewed mainly based on the work of the authors with the inclusion of unpublished results. It is shown that the petroleum and coal model of the UIE converges and merges quite well with the MAON (Mixed Aromatic Aliphatic Organic Nanoparticles) model of the UIE. It is shown that the thermal treatment of various substrates like PAHs, alkylated PAHs but also mixed aliphatic/olefinic substrates leads invariably to carbonaceous materials matching the infrared spectrum of anthracite coal or certain petroleum fractions. Thus, the experimental thermal processing (which under space conditions could be equivalent to the expected processing by shock waves or high energy radiation) of mixed aromatic/aliphatic organic matter can be used to match also the UIE evolution. Another way to simulate the thermal/radiation processing of organic matter in space, can be achieved through the carbon arc. Simple substrates processed in this way produce carbon soot and a plethora of organic molecules. Fullerenes are found in space both through mid-infrared and optical spectroscopy and it is very likely that other complex related species such as endohedral fullerenes (i.e. fullerenes with a metal, heteroatom or molecules inside the cage) may be formed in space. After all, their formation requires the same conditions as those needed for fullerene formation provided that also a metal vapour (e.g. interstellar/circumstellar gas) is available. The last part of this review is thus dedicated to the recent results on the study and characterization of an endohedral C 60 derivative containing lithium inside the cage.

中文翻译：

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太空中的石油、煤炭和其他有机物

石油和煤炭的未识别红外发射 (UIE) 模型，有时也称为未识别红外波段 (UIB)，主要基于作者的工作进行了审查，其中包括未发表的结果。结果表明，UIE 的石油和煤模型与 UIE 的 MAON（混合芳香族脂肪族有机纳米粒子）模型收敛和融合得很好。结果表明，对多种底物（如多环芳烃、烷基化多环芳烃以及混合脂肪族/烯烃底物）的热处理总是会导致碳质材料与无烟煤或某些石油馏分的红外光谱相匹配。因此，混合芳香族/脂肪族有机物的实验热处理（在空间条件下可能相当于预期的冲击波或高能辐射处理）也可用于匹配 UIE 演化。另一种模拟太空中有机物质的热/辐射处理的方法可以通过碳弧来实现。以这种方式处理的简单基材会产生碳烟灰和大量有机分子。富勒烯是通过中红外光谱和光学光谱在太空中发现的，并且很可能在太空中形成其他复杂的相关物种，例如内嵌富勒烯（即具有金属、杂原子或分子在笼内的富勒烯）。毕竟，它们的形成需要与富勒烯形成所需的条件相同的条件，前提是还有金属蒸气（例如星际/环星气体）可用。因此，本综述的最后一部分致力于最近关于笼内含锂的内嵌 C 60 衍生物的研究和表征的结果。