The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Lsal ) is an ectoparasitic copepod that exerts immunomodulatory and physiological effects on its host Atlantic salmon. Over 30 years of research on louse biology, control, host responses and the host‐parasite relationship has provided a plethora of information on the intricacies of host resistance and parasite adaptation. Atlantic salmon exhibit temporal and spatial impairment of the immune system and wound healing ability during infection. This immunosuppression may render Atlantic salmon less tolerant to stress and other confounders associated with current management strategies. Contrasting susceptibility of salmonid hosts exists, and early pro‐inflammatory Th1 type responses are associated with resistance. Rapid cellular responses to larvae appear to tip the balance of the host‐parasite relationship in favour of the host, preventing severe immune‐physiological impacts of the more invasive adults. Immunological, transcriptomic, genomic and proteomic evidence suggests pathological impacts occur in susceptible hosts through modulation of host immunity and physiology via pharmacologically active molecules. Co‐evolutionary and farming selection pressures may have incurred preference of Atlantic salmon as a host for Lsal reflected in their interactome. Here, we review host‐parasite interactions at the primary attachment/feeding site, and the complex life stage‐dependent molecular mechanisms employed to subvert host physiology and immune responses.

中文翻译：

---

鲑鱼的免疫防御作用及其与其体外寄生虫鲑鱼Leophophtheirus鲑鱼的调节能力之间的相互作用。

鲑鱼虱Lepeophtheirus鲑鱼（Lsal）是一种外寄生co足类动物，对其宿主大西洋鲑鱼具有免疫调节和生理作用。虱子生物学，控制，宿主反应和宿主-寄生虫关系的三十多年研究为宿主抗性和寄生虫适应的复杂性提供了大量信息。大西洋鲑在感染过程中表现出免疫系统的时空损伤和伤口愈合能力。这种免疫抑制可能使大西洋鲑鱼对压力和与当前管理策略相关的其他混杂因素的耐受性降低。鲑鱼宿主的药敏性相反，早期促炎性Th1型反应与耐药性相关。细胞对幼虫的快速反应似乎使宿主与寄生虫之间的关系趋于平衡，有利于宿主，防止侵入性更大的成年人受到严重的免疫生理影响。免疫学，转录组学，基因组学和蛋白质组学证据表明，通过药理活性分子调节宿主的免疫力和生理功能，易感宿主发生了病理影响。共同进化和养殖选择的压力可能导致大西洋鲑成为寄主的首选Lsal反映在他们的互动组中。在这里，我们回顾了宿主/寄生虫在主要附着/摄食位点的相互作用，以及用于颠覆宿主生理和免疫反应的复杂的依赖生命阶段的分子机制。