Proliferative kidney disease (PKD), caused by the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, is one of the most serious parasitic diseases of salmonids in which outbreaks cause severe economic constraints for the aquaculture industry and declines of wild species throughout Europe and North America. Given that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) is one of the most widely farmed freshwater fish and an important model species for fish immunology, most of the knowledge on how the fish immune response is affected during PKD is from this organism. Once rainbow trout are infected, PKD pathogenesis results in a chronic kidney immunopathology mediated by decreasing myeloid cells and increasing lymphocytes. Transcriptional studies have revealed the regulation of essential genes related to T‐helper (Th)‐like functions and a dysregulated B‐cell antibody type response. Recent reports have discovered unique details of teleost B‐cell differentiation and functionality and characterized the differential immunoglobulin (Ig)‐mediated response. These studies have solidified the rainbow trout T. bryosalmonae system as a sophisticated disease model capable of feeding key advances into mainstream immunology and have contributed essential information to design novel parasite disease prevention strategies. In our following perspective, we summarize these efforts to evaluate the immune mechanisms of rainbow trout during PKD pathogenesis.

中文翻译：

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虹鳟鱼对增殖性肾病 (PKD) 的免疫反应。


增殖性肾病（PKD）由粘液动物四囊藻藻引起，是鲑鱼最严重的寄生虫病之一，该疾病的爆发对水产养殖业造成严重的经济限制，并导致整个欧洲和北美野生物种的减少。鉴于虹鳟鱼 ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) 是养殖最广泛的淡水鱼之一，也是鱼类免疫学的重要模型物种，因此有关 PKD 期间鱼类免疫反应如何受到影响的大部分知识都来自该生物体。一旦虹鳟鱼被感染，PKD 发病机制就会导致由骨髓细胞减少和淋巴细胞增加介导的慢性肾脏免疫病理学。转录研究揭示了与 T 辅助细胞 (Th) 样功能和失调的 B 细胞抗体类型反应相关的必需基因的调节。最近的报告发现了硬骨鱼 B 细胞分化和功能的独特细节，并表征了差异免疫球蛋白 (Ig) 介导的反应。这些研究巩固了虹鳟鱼T.bryosalmonae系统作为一种复杂疾病模型的地位，能够为主流免疫学提供关键进展，并为设计新型寄生虫病预防策略提供重要信息。在下面的观点中，我们总结了这些评估虹鳟鱼在 PKD 发病过程中免疫机制的努力。