Near‐epicentral mesopause airglow perturbations, driven by infrasonic acoustic waves (AWs) during a nighttime analog of the 2011 M9.1 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, are simulated through the direct numerical computation of the 3D nonlinear Navier‐Stokes equations. Surface dynamics from a forward seismic wave propagation simulation, initialized with a kinematic slip model and performed with the SPECFEM3D_GLOBE model, are used to excite AWs into the atmosphere from ground level. Simulated mesopause airglow perturbations include steep oscillations and persistent nonlinear depletions up to 50% and 70% from the background state, respectively, for the hydroxyl OH(3,1) and oxygen O(¹S) 557.7‐nm emissions. Results suggest that AWs excited near a large earthquake's epicenter may be strong enough to drive fluctuations in mesopause airglow, some which may persist after the AWs have passed, that could be readily detectable with ground‐ and/or satellite‐based imagers. Synthetic data demonstrate that future airglow observations may be used for the characterization of earthquake mechanisms and surface seismic waves propagation, potentially complementing tsunami early‐warning systems based on total electron content (TEC) observations.

中文翻译：

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大地震产生的非线性次声波驱动的中年气辉扰动

通过对3D非线性Navier-Stokes方程进行直接数值计算，模拟了由次声波（AW）在2011年M9.1东北-Oki地震的夜间模拟过程中引起的近中绝经期气辉扰动。来自前向地震波传播模拟的表面动力学（通过运动滑动模型初始化并由SPECFEM3D_GLOBE模型执行）用于将AW从地面激发到大气中。对于羟基OH（3,1）和氧O（¹），模拟的更年期气辉扰动包括陡峭的振荡和持续的非线性消耗，分别比背景状态高50 ％和70 ％S）557.7 nm的发射。结果表明，在大地震震中附近激发的AW可能足以驱使中年更年期气辉起伏，这些波动可能在AW过去后仍会持续存在，而地面和/或卫星成像仪很容易检测到。综合数据表明，未来的气辉观测可用于表征地震机制和地表地震波的传播，可能基于总电子含量（TEC）观测结果补充海啸预警系统。