Abstract The ground penetrating radar WISDOM on board the Rover of the ExoMars 2022 mission (ESA/Roscosmos) will be a pioneer in the exploration of the Martian subsurface from the surface (until now, Martian sounding radars have been operated from orbit). WISDOM will image the first meters below the surface of Oxia Planum — the ExoMars 2022 landing site — with the objectives of revealing its geological history and identifying safe and promising scientific targets for subsurface sampling by the Rover drill. In this paper, we present the qualification, characterization and calibration tests that have been conducted on WISDOM flight model in order to assess its performance, build the data processing pipeline and prepare scientific return of this experiment. In most favorable but geologically plausible cases (low loss and homogeneous subsurface, smooth interface), WISDOM can detect a buried interface down to a depth of 8 ​m with a vertical resolution of 3 ​cm (for a subsurface dielectric constant of 4). Its penetration depth is typically 2 ​m in less favorable environments. For safety reason, WISDOM antennas are accommodated 38 ​cm above the ground; the amplitude of the surface echo will be used to estimate the top layer dielectric constant with an accuracy of 13% which translates into an accuracy of 6% on the distance/depth assessment. WISDOM data processing chain includes corrections aiming at removing parasitic signals of various origins (electronic coupling, antenna crosstalk, multiple surface echoes, etc.) and at correcting the data to a reference temperature and antenna elevation; it has been designed to automatically produce calibrated radargrams in less than 20 ​min as required for the mission operations. Additional more sophisticated processing will be manually run in parallel. The impact of the Rover structure on measurements has been investigated and can be partially removed.

中文翻译：

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ExoMars 2020 Rover 上的 WISDOM 雷达：飞行模型的表征和校准

摘要 ExoMars 2022 任务漫游车（ESA/Roscosmos）上的探地雷达 WISDOM 将成为从地表探索火星地下的先驱（到目前为止，火星探测雷达一直在轨道上运行）。WISDOM 将对 Oxia Planum（ExoMars 2022 着陆点）表面以下的最初几米进行成像，目的是揭示其地质历史并确定安全和有希望的科学目标，以便通过漫游者钻机进行地下采样。在本文中，我们介绍了对 WISDOM 飞行模型进行的鉴定、表征和校准测试，以评估其性能，构建数据处理管道并准备该实验的科学回报。在最有利但地质上合理的情况下（低损失和均匀的地下，光滑的界面），WISDOM 可以检测到深达 8 米的掩埋界面，垂直分辨率为 3 厘米（地下介电常数为 4）。在不太有利的环境中，其穿透深度通常为 2 米。出于安全原因，WISDOM 天线安装在离地面 38 厘米处；表面回波的幅度将用于估计顶层介电常数，精度为 13%，这意味着距离/深度评估的精度为 6%。WISDOM 数据处理链包括旨在消除各种来源（电子耦合、天线串扰、多个表面回波等）的寄生信号以及将数据校正为参考温度和天线仰角的校正；它旨在根据任务操作的需要，在不到 20 分钟的时间内自动生成校准的雷达图。其他更复杂的处理将手动并行运行。已经研究了漫游者结构对测量的影响，可以部分删除。