Abstract Student Evaluations of Teaching (SETs) do not measure teaching effectiveness, and their widespread use by university administrators in decisions about faculty hiring, promotions, and merit increases encourages poor teaching and causes grade inflation. Students need to get good grades, and faculty members need to get good SETs. Therefore, SETs empower students to shape faculty behavior. This power can be used to reward lenient-grading instructors who require little work and to punish strict-grading instructors. This article reviews research that shows that students (a) reward teachers who grade leniently with positive SETs, (b) reward easy courses with positive SETs, and (c) choose courses that promise good grades. The study also shows that instructors want (and need) good SETs.

中文翻译：

---

学生对教学的评价助长教学质量低下并导致成绩膨胀：理论和实证分析

摘要 学生教学评价 (SET) 不能衡量教学效果，大学管理人员在决定教师聘用、晋升和绩效提升时广泛使用它们会鼓励教学质量差并导致成绩膨胀。学生需要取得好成绩，教职员工需要取得好成绩。因此，SET 使学生能够塑造教师的行为。这个能力可以用来奖励对工作要求不高的评分宽松的导师，也可以惩罚评分严格的导师。本文回顾的研究表明，学生 (a) 用积极的 SET 奖励对评分宽松的老师，(b) 用积极的 SET 奖励简单的课程，以及 (c) 选择保证良好成绩的课程。该研究还表明，教师想要（并且需要）好的 SET。