This study aimed to evaluate the exposure to environmental lead (Pb) of children from a traditional community of African descent in Brazil and the effects on hematological parameters. Children (n = 75) aged 5.5–13 years from the exposed areas classified as low (LEx) and moderately (MEx) exposed were compared with children (n = 75) of a control group (CG). Dust Pb loading rates (RtPbs) at children’s homes were measured. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected to assess Pb biomarkers of exposure and effects. All Pb determinations were performed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The median (IQR) of RtPb, PbB level, and ALA-D activity were 65 (25–137) μgPb/m²/30 days, 1.0 (0.1–2.8) μg/dL, and 71 (55–86) U/L, respectively. Spearman correlation evidenced the relationship of PbB with RtPb (rho = 0.368, P < 0.001) and ALA-D activity (rho = −0.587; P ˂ 0.001). After adjusting for exposure degree and child’s age, a decline of 7.4 U/L in ALA-D activity was associated with a 10-fold increase in PbB. The prevalence ratio of elevated PbB (>5 μg/dL) in LEx and MEx areas were 1.5 and 3.7, respectively. Indoor dust exposure, living near pottery workshops and the secondary exposure were the main determinants of elevated PbB levels, which were associated with hematological effects.

这项研究旨在评估来自巴西非洲裔传统社区儿童的环境铅（Pb）暴露及其对血液学参数的影响。将来自暴露区域的5.5-13岁年龄段为低（LEx）和中等（MEx）的儿童（n = 75）与对照组（CG）的儿童（n = 75）进行比较。测量了儿童之家的粉尘铅含量（RtPbs）。收集外周静脉血样品以评估暴露和影响的铅生物标志物。所有铅的测定均通过石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行。RtPb，PbB水平和ALA-D活性的中位数（IQR）为65（25–137）μgPb/ m ²/ 30天，分别为1.0（0.1-2.8）μg/ dL和71（55-86）U / L。Spearman相关性证明了PbB与RtPb（rho = 0.368，P  <0.001）和ALA-D活性（rho = -0.587; P 0.001 0.001）的关系。在调整接触程度和儿童年龄后，ALA-D活性下降7.4 U / L与PbB升高10倍有关。在LEx和MEx地区，升高的PbB（> 5μg/ dL）的患病率分别为1.5和3.7。室内尘埃暴露，居住在陶器车间附近以及二次暴露是铅含量升高的主要决定因素，铅含量与血液学影响有关。