Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is highly prevalent in children and adolescents, with estimated prevalence ranges from 5.9 to 7.1% globally and 1 to 6.8% in Spain. This has commonly been associated with deficits in attention threads and executive functions. This paper aims to study the cognitive-executive performance of adolescents between the ages of 17 and 23 with an ADHD diagnosis, relative to a control group. The total sample consisted of 120 male participants who were given the Nesplora Aquarium test. Dual execution tasks assessed attention, response speed, and inhibition capability. When comparing the experimental and control groups, statistically significant differences were detected in processing speed, selective attention, and cognitive inhibition [general execution (T_correct_n) (p = 0.008), attention arousal (T_omission_n) (p = 0.008), and processing speed (T_correctreactime_mean) (p = 0.008)]. We demonstrate that a new virtual reality tool, designed to measure attention in people over the age of 16 years, is effective at measuring attention and working memory. In addition, item difficulty and discrimination values were also acceptable.

摘要

注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种在儿童和青少年中高度流行的神经发育障碍，估计全球患病率为 5.9% 至 7.1%，西班牙为 1% 至 6.8%。这通常与注意力线和执行功能的缺陷有关。本文旨在研究被诊断为 ADHD 的 17 至 23 岁青少年相对于对照组的认知执行能力。总样本由 120 名男性参与者组成，他们接受了 Nesplora 水族馆测试。双重执行任务评估注意力、反应速度和抑制能力。在比较实验组和对照组时，在处理速度、选择性注意和认知抑制 [general execution (T_correct_n) (p  = 0.008)、注意力唤醒 (T_omission_n) ( p  = 0.008) 和处理速度 (T_correctreactime_mean) ( p  = 0.008)]。我们证明了一种新的虚拟现实工具，旨在测量 16 岁以上人群的注意力，可有效测量注意力和工作记忆。此外，项目难度和辨别值也是可以接受的。