ABSTRACT

Khartoum is one of the largest cities in Africa, located immediately south of the junction of the Blue and White Nile rivers in central Sudan. The growth of the Greater Khartoum-Omdurman conurbation arose – without a proper urban plan – from the agricultural wealth created through the completion of three dams, and mostly in the last three decades. Urban expansion was enabled by and helped to enhance the major agricultural expansion of the Gezira clay plains located to the south between the lower Blue and White Nile rivers. The region has been a focus of human settlement for at least 8,000 years, initially by semi-sedentary groups with a fishing-hunting-gathering lifestyle and later by Neolithic groups as shown by hundreds of archaeological sites. Today, Khartoum is a desert city, still very vulnerable to floods triggered by intense convectional storms. Such extreme events may become more common in future, representing a major geomorphological hazard. Moreover, uncontrolled urban and agricultural development is threatening most of the cultural heritage of the region.

摘要

喀土穆是非洲最大的城市之一，位于苏丹中部蓝色和白色尼罗河交界处的南部。在没有适当的城市规划的情况下，大喀土穆-奥姆杜尔曼大都市化的增长是由于三座水坝的建成（主要是在过去的三十年中）所创造的农业财富而引起的。城市扩张是由位于蓝色和白色尼罗河下游之间的南部的Gezira粘土平原实现的，并帮助增强了其主要的农业扩张。该地区一直是人类定居的焦点，至少有8000年历史了，最初是具有钓鱼，狩猎和聚会生活方式的半中生群体，后来是数百个考古遗址所显示的新石器时代群体。今天，喀土穆是一个沙漠城市，仍然很容易遭受强对流风暴引发的洪水。这样的极端事件将来可能会变得更加普遍，这代表着主要的地貌危险。此外，不受控制的城市和农业发展正威胁着该地区的大多数文化遗产。