Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a global public health concern. CRC screening is associated with significant reductions in CRC incidence and mortality, however, uptake is suboptimal. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials explored the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase screening uptake, plus the impact of various moderators. Data from 102 studies including 1.94 million participants were analysed. Results showed significant benefit of all interventions combined (OR, 1.49, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.56, p < 0.001). The effects were similar in studies using objective versus self-reported uptake measures and lower in studies judged to be at high risk of bias. Moderator analyses indicated significant effects for aspects of behaviour (effects lower for studies on non-endoscopic procedures), and intervention (effects higher for studies conducted in community settings, in healthcare systems that are not free, and that use reminders, health-professional providers, paper materials supplemented with in-person or phone contact, but avoid remote contact). Interventions that included behaviour change techniques targeting social support (unspecified or practical), instructions or demonstration of the behaviour, and that added objects to the environment produced stronger effects. The way in which findings can inform interventions to improve CRC screening uptake is discussed.

大肠癌（CRC）代表了全球公共卫生问题。CRC筛查与CRC发生率和死亡率的显着降低有关，但是摄取不足。这项对随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析探讨了旨在提高筛查吸收率的干预措施的有效性，以及各种主持人的影响。分析了102项研究的数据，其中包括194万名参与者。结果显示，所有干预措施的合并均具有显着益处（OR，1.49、95％CI：1.43、1.56，p <0.001）。在使用客观和自我报告的摄入量测量方法的研究中，效果相似，而在被认为存在偏见风险高的研究中，效果则较低。主持人的分析表明，对于行为方面（对非内窥镜手术的研究，其影响较小）和干预（对于在社区环境，非免费医疗系统中使用提醒，卫生专业提供者进行的研究，其影响较大） ，纸质材料需要亲自或电话联系，但要避免远程联系。干预措施包括针对社会支持（未指定或实际）的行为改变技术，对行为的指示或演示，以及向环境中添加对象的措施，产生了更强的效果。