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Changes in gene expression during female reproductive development in a color polymorphic insect
Evolution ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 , DOI: 10.1111/evo.13979
Beatriz Willink 1, 2 , Mary Catherine Duryea 3 , Christopher Wheat 4 , Erik I Svensson 1
Affiliation  

Pleiotropy (multiple phenotypic effects of single genes) and epistasis (gene interaction) have key roles in the development of complex phenotypes, especially in polymorphic taxa. The development of discrete and heritable phenotypic polymorphisms often emerges from major‐effect genes that interact with other loci and have pleiotropic effects on multiple traits. We quantified gene expression changes during ontogenetic color development in a polymorphic insect (damselfly: Ischnura elegans), with three heritable female morphs, one being a male mimic. This female color polymorphism is maintained by male mating harassment and sexual conflict. Using transcriptome sequencing and de novo assembly, we demonstrate that all three morphs downregulate gene expression during early color development. The morphs become increasingly differentiated during sexual maturation and when developing adult coloration. These different ontogenetic trajectories arise because the male‐mimic shows accelerated (heterochronic) development, compared to the other female morphs. Many loci with regulatory functions in reproductive development are differentially regulated in the male‐mimic, including upstream and downstream regulators of ecdysone signaling and transcription factors potentially influencing sexual differentiation. Our results suggest that long‐term sexual conflict does not only maintain this polymorphism, but has also modulated the evolution of gene expression profiles during color development of these sympatric female morphs.

中文翻译:

颜色多态性昆虫雌性生殖发育过程中基因表达的变化

多效性(单个基因的多种表型效应)和上位性(基因相互作用)在复杂表型的发展中具有关键作用,尤其是在多态性分类群中。离散和可遗传的表型多态性的发展通常来自与其他基因座相互作用并对多个性状具有多效性影响的主要效应基因。我们量化了多态性昆虫(豆娘:Ischnura elegans)个体发育颜色发育过程中基因表达的变化,具有三种可遗传的雌性变种,一种是雄性模拟。这种雌性颜色多态性是由雄性交配骚扰和性冲突维持的。使用转录组测序和从头组装,我们证明所有三种形态在早期颜色发育过程中均下调基因表达。在性成熟和成年着色期间,变体变得越来越分化。之所以出现这些不同的个体发育轨迹,是因为与其他雌性变种相比,雄性模仿物显示出加速(异时)发育。许多在生殖发育中具有调节功能的基因座在雄性模拟物中受到差异调节,包括蜕皮激素信号传导和转录因子的上游和下游调节因子,可能影响性别分化。我们的研究结果表明,长期的性冲突不仅保持了这种多态性,而且还调节了这些同域女性变体颜色发育过程中基因表达谱的进化。之所以出现这些不同的个体发育轨迹,是因为与其他雌性变种相比,雄性模仿物显示出加速(异时)发育。许多在生殖发育中具有调节功能的基因座在雄性模拟物中受到差异调节,包括蜕皮激素信号传导和转录因子的上游和下游调节因子,可能影响性别分化。我们的研究结果表明,长期的性冲突不仅保持了这种多态性,而且还调节了这些同域女性变体颜色发育过程中基因表达谱的进化。之所以出现这些不同的个体发育轨迹,是因为与其他雌性变种相比,雄性模仿物显示出加速(异时)发育。许多在生殖发育中具有调节功能的基因座在雄性模拟物中受到差异调节,包括蜕皮激素信号传导和转录因子的上游和下游调节因子,可能影响性别分化。我们的研究结果表明,长期的性冲突不仅保持了这种多态性,而且还调节了这些同域女性变体颜色发育过程中基因表达谱的进化。包括可能影响性别分化的蜕皮激素信号传导和转录因子的上游和下游调节剂。我们的研究结果表明,长期的性冲突不仅保持了这种多态性,而且还调节了这些同域女性变体颜色发育过程中基因表达谱的进化。包括可能影响性别分化的蜕皮激素信号传导和转录因子的上游和下游调节剂。我们的研究结果表明,长期的性冲突不仅保持了这种多态性,而且还调节了这些同域女性变体颜色发育过程中基因表达谱的进化。
更新日期:2020-05-13
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