Airway reflux is implicated in the pathophysiology of a wide range of adult and pediatric upper and lower airway diseases. However, the diagnosis of proximal reflux–associated disease remains challenging due to evolving clinical criteria and institutional and regional variances in diagnostic practices. Evidence suggests that nonacidic contents of reflux may serve as both pathologic mediators of and biomarkers for reflux in the upper airway. Furthermore, they offer potential pharmaceutical and surgical intervention targets and are the focus of novel clinical diagnostic tools currently under investigation.

中文翻译：

---

近端反流：生化介质、标志物、治疗靶点和临床相关性

气道反流与多种成人和儿童上下呼吸道疾病的病理生理学有关。然而，由于不断变化的临床标准以及诊断实践的机构和地区差异，近端反流相关疾病的诊断仍然具有挑战性。有证据表明，反流的非酸性成分可作为上呼吸道反流的病理介质和生物标志物。此外，它们提供了潜在的药物和外科干预目标，并且是目前正在研究的新型临床诊断工具的重点。