Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers in various diseases. However, whether they could serve as biomarkers for human adult fulminant myocarditis (FM) is unknown. Circulating miRNA expression profiles were detected by microarray analysis and validated by quantitative real-time PCR arrays. Meanwhile, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was used to determine the critical roles of these circulating miRNAs in FM. Moreover, correlation analysis was employed between miRNAs and the parameters of cardiac functions in FM. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of circulating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in FM diagnosis were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Both microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-4763-3p and miR-4281 were upregulated in the plasma of FM at the onset, and their levels were restored as the clinical symptom recovered. The predicted target genes of miR-4763-3p and miR-4281 are involved in several pathways, mainly inflammatory and cardiac injury response. Moreover, the miRNAs enrichment was negatively correlated with the severity of FM. In addition, the expression levels of circulating miR-4763-3p were unchanged in myocardial infarction (MI) patients but showed high sensitivity and specificity for FM diagnosis. This study provides a global profile of circulating miRNAs in patients with FM, among which miR-4763-3p could serve as a potential biomarker.

循环 microRNA (miRNA) 是多种疾病的潜在生物标志物。然而，它们是否可以作为人类成人暴发性心肌炎（FM）的生物标志物尚不清楚。通过微阵列分析检测循环 miRNA 表达谱，并通过定量实时 PCR 阵列进行验证。同时，使用京都基因和基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 通路分析来确定这些循环 miRNA 在 FM 中的关键作用。此外，还对 FM 中 miRNA 与心功能参数之间进行了相关性分析。最后，利用受试者工作特征曲线分析评估循环长非编码RNA（lncRNA）表达在FM诊断中的敏感性和特异性。微阵列和实时定量PCR分析均显示，FM发病时血浆中miR-4763-3p和miR-4281的表达上调，并随着临床症状的恢复而恢复水平。 miR-4763-3p和miR-4281的预测靶基因参与多种途径，主要是炎症和心脏损伤反应。此外，miRNA 富集与 FM 的严重程度呈负相关。此外，心肌梗死（MI）患者中循环miR-​​4763-3p的表达水平没有变化，但对FM诊断显示出高敏感性和特异性。这项研究提供了 FM 患者循环 miRNA 的整体概况，其中 miR-4763-3p 可以作为潜在的生物标志物。