The presence of Trichinella pseudospiralis has been increasingly reported in Europe in the last decade. The parasite was recorded for the first time in Central Europe in 2003-2004, in eastern Slovakia, in pigs, rats and a cat from a pig breeding farm. In the following years, it was also repeatedly diagnosed in co-infection with T. britovi in sylvatic animals from this area. Molecular analyses revealed a distinctive genetic relationship of the Slovak isolate with those from Finland and Sweden, suggesting the potential role of migratory birds of prey in the transmission of the parasite. Thus, potential host species, including mammals and birds, were investigated for the presence of T. pseudospiralis. During 2006-2018, a total of 360 carcasses of raptorial, carrion-feeding and scavenging birds were collected and examined using artificial digestion of pectoral muscle samples. Muscle larvae were detected in muscle of one golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), two common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and one peregrine falcon (F. peregrinus). Molecular analyses confirmed the presence of T. pseudospiralis. These findings in diurnal raptorial species represent new host records for Trichinella spp. In 2017, a mandatory examination of pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and wild boars (Sus scrofa) revealed one wild boar from the central part of territory to be infected with T. pseudospiralis. Our data confirm that the parasite has already established itself in Slovakia, and thus adequate veterinary measures and public education are needed to prevent its transmission to the food chain and the risk of human infection.

中文翻译：

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自斯洛伐克首次记录拟旋毛虫以来十五年：有什么新消息？


过去十年，欧洲越来越多地报道了假旋毛虫的存在。 2003年至2004年，在中欧斯洛伐克东部的一个养猪场的猪、老鼠和猫中首次发现了这种寄生虫。在随后的几年中，该地区的森林动物中也多次被诊断出与布里托维毛虫合并感染。分子分析揭示了斯洛伐克分离株与芬兰和瑞典分离株之间独特的遗传关系，表明候鸟猛禽在寄生虫传播中的潜在作用。因此，研究了包括哺乳动物和鸟类在内的潜在宿主物种中是否存在假螺旋毛虫。 2006年至2018年期间，共收集了360具猛禽、食腐鸟和食腐鸟类的尸体，并通过胸肌样本的人工消化进行了检查。在一只金雕 (Aquila chrysaetos)、两只普通红隼 (Falcotinnunculus) 和一只游隼 (F. peregrinus) 的肌肉中检测到肌肉幼虫。分子分析证实了假螺旋毛虫的存在。这些在昼夜猛禽物种中的发现代表了旋毛虫属的新宿主记录。 2017年，对猪（Sus scrofa Domesticus）、红狐（Vulpes vulpes）和野猪（Sus scrofa）进行的强制检查发现，中部地区的一只野猪感染了拟螺旋毛虫。我们的数据证实，这种寄生虫已经在斯洛伐克扎根，因此需要采取适当的兽医措施和公共教育来防止其传播到食物链和人类感染的风险。