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CO2 emissions from Fogo intracaldera volcanic lakes (São Miguel Island, Açores): A tool for volcanic monitoring
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106915
César Andrade , J. Virgílio Cruz , Fátima Viveiros , Rui Coutinho

Abstract A geochemical study was carried out at Fogo Lake during June 2016, in one of the deepest lakes on Sao Miguel Island, as well as on small associated pond, in order to identify possible anomalous degassing areas. Fogo Lake is located inside the summit caldera of Fogo Volcano, one of the three active central volcanoes that dominate Sao Miguel geology. The hydrogeochemical profile carried out along the water column of the Fogo Lake suggests that the lake was thermally stratified, corresponding to poorly mineralized and cold Na-Cl type waters. The same composition is found in the small pond, but with a slight Ca-enrichment. To measure the CO2 flux at the lake surface, the modified accumulation chamber method was used, and a total of 1696 measurements were accomplished, covering an area of approximately 1.56 km2. Measured CO2 flux values are relatively low, ranging from 0 to 28.4 g m−2 d−1 (mean = 2.6 g m−2 d−1) and from 2.1 to 15.0 g m−2 d−1 (mean = 6.3 g m−2 d−1), respectively at Fogo Lake and at the small pond. The very low values measured in the central area of Fogo Lake are associated with the monomictic character of the lake, as the CO2 is not able to ascend into the surface when the water column is stratified during the warmer period. Statistical analyses suggest that the CO2 emission is associated with a single source of CO2, probably biogenic; a similar signature is pointed by the water δ13C isotopic content. The estimated total CO2 emissions from the Fogo Lake was approximately 4.04 t d−1, much higher than the value observed at the small pond (0.19 t d−1).

中文翻译:

Fogo intracaldera 火山湖(圣米格尔岛,Açores)的二氧化碳排放量:火山监测工具

摘要 2016 年 6 月,在 Fogo 湖、圣米格尔岛最深的湖泊之一以及小型伴生池塘中进行了地球化学研究,以确定可能的异常脱气区。Fogo Lake 位于 Fogo 火山的顶峰火山口内,该火山是主导圣米格尔地质学的三座中央活火山之一。沿 Fogo 湖水柱进行的水文地球化学剖面表明该湖是热分层的,对应于矿化差和冷 Na-Cl 型水。在小池塘中发现了相同的成分,但有轻微的钙富集。为测量湖面CO2通量,采用改进的聚积室法,共完成1696次测量,覆盖面积约1.56平方公里。测得的 CO2 通量值相对较低,范围从 0 到 28.4 gm−2 d−1(平均值 = 2.6 gm−2 d−1)和从 2.1 到 15.0 gm−2 d−1(平均值 = 6.3 gm−2 d−) 1)分别在佛果湖和小池塘。在 Fogo 湖中心区域测得的非常低的值与该湖的单体特征有关,因为在温暖时期,当水柱分层时,CO2 无法上升到地表。统计分析表明,二氧化碳排放与单一的二氧化碳来源有关,可能是生物来源的;水 δ13C 同位素含量指出了类似的特征。Fogo Lake 估计的 CO2 排放总量约为 4.04 t d-1,远高于在小池塘观察到的值(0.19 t d-1)。0 g m−2 d−1(平均值 = 6.3 g m−2 d−1),分别在 Fogo 湖和小池塘。在 Fogo 湖中心区域测得的非常低的值与该湖的单体特征有关,因为在温暖时期,当水柱分层时,CO2 无法上升到地表。统计分析表明,二氧化碳排放与单一的二氧化碳来源有关,可能是生物来源的;水 δ13C 同位素含量指出了类似的特征。Fogo Lake 估计的 CO2 排放总量约为 4.04 t d-1,远高于在小池塘观察到的值(0.19 t d-1)。0 g m−2 d−1(平均值 = 6.3 g m−2 d−1),分别在 Fogo 湖和小池塘。在 Fogo 湖中心区域测得的非常低的值与该湖的单体特征有关,因为在温暖时期,当水柱分层时,CO2 无法上升到地表。统计分析表明,二氧化碳排放与单一的二氧化碳来源有关,可能是生物来源的;水 δ13C 同位素含量指出了类似的特征。Fogo Lake 估计的 CO2 排放总量约为 4.04 t d-1,远高于在小池塘观察到的值(0.19 t d-1)。因为在温暖时期,当水柱分层时,CO2 无法上升到地表。统计分析表明,二氧化碳排放与单一的二氧化碳来源有关,可能是生物来源的;水 δ13C 同位素含量指出了类似的特征。Fogo 湖的 CO2 排放总量估计约为 4.04 t d-1,远高于在小池塘观察到的值(0.19 t d-1)。因为在温暖时期,当水柱分层时,CO2 无法上升到地表。统计分析表明,二氧化碳排放与单一的二氧化碳来源有关,可能是生物来源的;水 δ13C 同位素含量指出了类似的特征。Fogo Lake 估计的 CO2 排放总量约为 4.04 t d-1,远高于在小池塘观察到的值(0.19 t d-1)。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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