Tunnels extend in large stretches with continuous lengths of up to hundreds of kilometers which are vulnerable to faulting in earthquake-prone areas. Assessing the interaction of soil and tunnel at an intersection with an active fault during an earthquake can be a beneficial guideline for tunnel design engineers. Here, a series of 4 centrifuge tests are planned and tested on continuous tunnels. Dip-slip surface faulting in reverse mechanism of 60-degree is modeled by a fault simulator box in a quasi-static manner. Failure mechanism, progression and locations of damages to the tunnels are assessed through a gradual increase in Permanent Ground Displacement (PGD). The ground surface deformations and strains, fault surface trace, fault scarp and the sinkhole caused by fault movement are observed here. These ground surface deformations are major threats to stability, safety and serviceability of the structures. According to the observations, the modeled tunnels are vulnerable to reverse fault rupture and but the functionality loss is not abrupt, and the tunnel will be able to tolerate some fault displacements. By monitoring the progress of damage states by increasing PGD, the fragility curves corresponding to each damage state were plotted and interpreted in related figures.

中文翻译：

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主动反断层交叉口浅埋隧道离心试验

隧道大范围延伸，连续长度长达数百公里，容易在地震多发地区断裂。在地震过程中评估与活动断层相交处的土与隧道的相互作用对于隧道设计工程师而言可能是有益的指导。在这里，计划并在连续隧道上进行了一系列4次离心测试。通过故障模拟器盒以准静态的方式对60度反向机理中的倾滑表面断层进行建模。通过永久性地面位移（PGD）的逐渐增加来评估隧道的破坏机制，进展和破坏位置。此处观察到由断层运动引起的地表变形和应变，断层表面痕迹，断层陡峭度和下沉孔。这些地面变形是对结构稳定性，安全性和可维修性的主要威胁。根据观察，建模的隧道很容易发生反向断层破裂，但是功能损失并不突然，并且该隧道将能够承受一些断层位移。通过增加PGD来监控损坏状态的进程，绘制了与每个损坏状态相对应的脆性曲线，并在相关图中进行了解释。