The highly valuable timber species Dalbergia cochinchinensis is severely threatened due to habitat loss and illegal logging throughout its distribution in mainland Southeast Asia and is listed on CITES Appendix II. This study proposes a strategy for conservation and sustainable management of the species based on assessment of genetic structure within and among natural populations. We developed SNP markers from RAD sequencing and used these in combination with SSR genotypes from a previous study to assess the genetic diversity in 26 populations of D. cochinchinensis across its entire range in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. The species is able of clonal reproduction and we found that trees closer than 45 meters from each other can be clones. Genetic diversity and clustering analysis showed a clear division of populations into five geographical groups with differing levels of diversity. Assignment tests correctly identified the region of origin for approximately 90% of the samples, which demonstrates that despite a low number of successfully identified SNPs, the SSR + SNP marker panel has the potential for tracking the geographic origin of D. cochinchinensis timber for use in CITES regulation and enforcement. We propose the five identified groups to be considered as Management Units and that conservation and breeding programs should be based on a network of in situ and ex situ conservation stands representing the genetic variation among and within these units. We recommend that conservation efforts are directed towards community owned and managed lands, as this has proven an effective strategy locally.

由于栖息地的丧失和整个东南亚大陆地区的非法采伐，高价值的木材黄檀遭到严重威胁，并列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录二。这项研究基于对自然种群内部和种群之间遗传结构的评估，提出了一种保护和可持续管理该物种的策略。我们从RAD测序中开发了SNP标记，并将其与先前研究的SSR基因型结合使用，以评估26种D. cochinchinensis种群的遗传多样性。遍及老挝，泰国，柬埔寨和越南的整个业务范围。该物种能够克隆繁殖，我们发现彼此之间距离小于45米的树木可以克隆。遗传多样性和聚类分析表明，将种群明确划分为五个具有不同多样性水平的地理区域。分配测试可以正确识别大约90％的样品的来源区域，这表明尽管成功识别的SNP数量很少，但SSR + SNP标记物组仍具有追踪D. cochinchinensis地理起源的潜力。用于CITES法规和执法的木材。我们建议将五个确定的组视为管理单位，并且保护和育种计划应基于代表这些单位之间和内部遗传变异的原位和非原位保护位点网络。我们建议保护工作应针对社区拥有和管理的土地，因为事实证明这在当地是有效的策略。