The incidence of infections by pathogenic microorganisms, coupled with the experimental manifestation of infections, refers to a regular phenomenon in aquaculture species. A number of environmental changes generally give rise to traumatic scenarios, and activating the transient provocative reactions in the gut normally constitutes a factor to the anatomical and efficient intestinal diseases. These infections have frequently given birth to the momentous economic chaos in aquaculture sector. Putting efforts into resolving this issue, the inclusion of antibiotics in the diets of aquaculture species has been introduced either as growth promoters or the stimulation of the immune system against diseases. Nevertheless, both the fears and discussions of consumers and scientists over the antibiotic-resistant microbes and drug remains in meat have resulted into contentious views concerning the uses of antibiotics. This has resulted into forbidding the use of human antibiotics as growth promotants in the diet of animal since the year 2006 by the European Union; also, subsequent to that, in the year 2013, the United States also initiated a plan for the removal of human antibiotics in the diet as growth promotants. Making use of the prebiotics, synbiotics and probiotics as an alternative has proven as improving not just the growth but also the immunity and maintenance of intestine health of cultured species. They are administered in the feeds of culture species for the purpose of stimulating the good health, safeguarding the intestine against pathogenic microorganisms and reducing the inflammation. In the current investigation, we throw discussion on the present uses, together with the limitations and future directions, the immunomodulatory exploit of probiotics, synbiotics and prebiotics, which triggering directly or enhancing the non-specific immune structure of aquaculture species.

病原微生物感染的发生率，以及感染的实验表现，是指水产养殖物种中的一种常规现象。许多环境变化通常会引起创伤性情况，并且激活肠道中的短暂性刺激反应通常是解剖和有效肠道疾病的一个因素。这些感染常常在水产养殖部门造成重大的经济混乱。为了解决这个问题，已经在水产养殖品种的饮食中引入了抗生素，以作为生长促进剂或刺激针对疾病的免疫系统。不过，消费者和科学家对肉中的抗生素抗性微生物和残留药物的担忧和讨论，都引起了关于抗生素使用的争议性观点。自从2006年以来，欧盟已禁止在人类的饮食中使用人类抗生素作为生长促进剂；此外，在此之后，美国在2013年也启动了一项计划，从饮食中去除人类抗生素作为生长促进剂。事实证明，使用益生元，合生元和益生菌作为替代品不仅可以改善生长，而且可以改善免疫力并维持养殖物种的肠道健康。它们是在养殖物种的饲料中施用的，目的是刺激身体健康，保护肠道免受病原微生物侵害并减少炎症。在当前的调查中，我们对益生菌，合生元和益生元的免疫调节利用的现状，局限性和未来发展方向进行了讨论，它们直接触发或增强了水产养殖物种的非特异性免疫结构。