To limit the use of antibiotics in farmed fish and their potential negative impacts on public health and the environment, an evaluation of “functional alternatives” is required. The availability of effective treatments to control fish diseases is one of the most significant challenges facing aquacultures and veterinarians to reduce consequences of antimicrobial resistance. This paper includes results from in vivo studies in major freshwater-farmed fish species (salmonids, cyprinids, and cichlids), focusing on the efficacy of functional alternatives against Aeromonas spp. infections. It also outlines the recent biocontrol advances and potential alternative treatments in aquaculture. Functional alternative products can increase the resistance against Aeromonas spp. particularly by increasing the immunocompetence of fish. Many diverse alternative products such as probiotics, prebiotics, plants, essential oils, algae phages, minerals, and nanoparticles have been tested, but the diversity of the experimental designs makes it difficult to compare the efficacy of the tested products. It suggests the standardization of investigations on functional feed products for each fish species against a specific pathogen. This review also recommends farm research on functional feed alternatives in natural conditions in order to evaluate the decrease of antibiotic consumption in fish farms.

为了限制在养殖鱼类中使用抗生素及其对公共卫生和环境的潜在负面影响，需要对“功能性替代品”进行评估。有效的控制鱼类疾病的治疗方法是水产养殖业和兽医减少抗菌素耐药性所面临的最重大挑战之一。本文包括对主要淡水养殖鱼类（鲑鱼，鲤鱼和丽鱼科鱼）的体内研究结果，重点研究了功能替代品对抗气单胞菌的功效。感染。它还概述了水生养殖中生物防治的最新进展和潜在的替代治疗方法。功能性替代产品可以增加对气单胞菌的抵抗力spp。特别是通过提高鱼类的免疫能力。已测试了多种多样的替代产品，如益生菌，益生元，植物，香精油，藻类噬菌体，矿物质和纳米颗粒，但是实验设计的多样性使得难以比较被测产品的功效。它建议对每种鱼类针对特定病原体的功能性饲料产品进行研究的标准化。该评价还建议对自然条件下功能性饲料替代品进行农场研究，以评估养鱼场抗生素消耗的减少。