Hospital laundries are responsible for a significant part of the amount of wastewater that is generated in hospitals. Hospital laundry wastewater represents a complex mixture of chemicals that arouse concerns about possible environmental risks. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different laundry effluents from the Regional University Hospital of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, on Allium cepa L. meristematic root cells. The effluents were characterised as rinsing, wetting, prewashing, washing, softening, wastewater (the effluent generated at the end of the washing process), the wastewater that was treated by physicochemical (PC) processes and the wastewater that was treated by advanced oxidation processes (PC + UV, PC + H2O2 and PC + UV/H2O2). The mitotic indexes were calculated by scoring 5000 cells per group and the statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-test (α = 0.05). Results showed that the rinsing, wetting, prewashing and wastewater laundry effluents were cytotoxic at 24 h of exposure, significantly reducing the mitotic index. Despite the slight cytotoxicity of the PC + UV/H2O2 treatment, physicochemical and advanced oxidation processes efficiently reduced the critical parameters of wastewater, such as the biochemical and chemical oxygen demands, to tolerable levels of effluent discharge. It is essential to perform constant monitoring of these effluents in order to reduce the possible occurrence of environmental impacts.

中文翻译：

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评价经过高级氧化处理的医院洗衣废水及其对洋葱的细胞毒性作用。

医院洗衣是医院产生的废水量的很大一部分。医院洗衣废水代表化学物质的复杂混合物，引起对可能的环境风险的担忧。本研究的目的是评估巴西巴拉那州马林加地区大学医院的不同洗衣液对葱属cepa L.分生组织根细胞的细胞毒性。废水的特征在于漂洗，润湿，预洗涤，洗涤，软化，废水（在洗涤过程结束时产生的废水），通过物理化学（PC）过程处理的废水和通过高级氧化过程处理的废水（PC + UV，PC + H2O2和PC + UV / H2O2）。通过对每组5000个细胞评分来计算有丝分裂指数，并通过单向方差分析进行统计分析，然后进行Tukey的后检验（α= 0.05）。结果显示，在暴露24小时后，漂洗，润湿，预洗和废水洗涤废水具有细胞毒性，从而显着降低了有丝分裂指数。尽管PC + UV / H2O2处理具有轻微的细胞毒性，但理化和先进的氧化过程有效地将废水的关键参数（如生化和化学需氧量）降低到可忍受的废水排放水平。必须对这些废水进行持续监控，以减少可能发生的环境影响。结果显示，在暴露24小时后，漂洗，润湿，预洗和废水洗涤废水具有细胞毒性，从而显着降低了有丝分裂指数。尽管PC + UV / H2O2处理具有轻微的细胞毒性，但物理化学和先进的氧化过程有效地将废水的关键参数（如生化和化学需氧量）降低到可忍受的废水排放水平。必须对这些废水进行持续监控，以减少可能发生的环境影响。结果显示，在暴露24小时后，漂洗，润湿，预洗和废水洗涤废水具有细胞毒性，从而显着降低了有丝分裂指数。尽管PC + UV / H2O2处理具有轻微的细胞毒性，但理化和先进的氧化过程有效地将废水的关键参数（如生化和化学需氧量）降低到可忍受的废水排放水平。必须对这些废水进行持续监测，以减少可能发生的环境影响。物理化学和先进的氧化过程有效地将废水的关键参数（如生化和化学需氧量）降低到可忍受的废水排放水平。必须对这些废水进行持续监测，以减少可能发生的环境影响。物理化学和先进的氧化过程有效地将废水的关键参数（如生化和化学需氧量）降低到可忍受的废水排放水平。必须对这些废水进行持续监控，以减少可能发生的环境影响。