Physical activity decreases the risk of a network of diseases, and exercise may be prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, dementia, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. During the past couple of decades, it has been apparent that skeletal muscle works as an endocrine organ, which can produce and secrete hundreds of myokines that exert their effects in either autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. Recent advances show that skeletal muscle produces myokines in response to exercise, which allow for crosstalk between the muscle and other organs, including brain, adipose tissue, bone, liver, gut, pancreas, vascular bed, and skin, as well as communication within the muscle itself. Although only few myokines have been allocated to a specific function in humans, it has been identified that the biological roles of myokines include effects on, for example, cognition, lipid and glucose metabolism, browning of white fat, bone formation, endothelial cell function, hypertrophy, skin structure, and tumor growth. This suggests that myokines may be useful biomarkers for monitoring exercise prescription for people with, for example, cancer, diabetes, or neurodegenerative diseases.

中文翻译：

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肌肉器官串扰：肌动蛋白的新兴作用。

体育锻炼可以降低一系列疾病的风险，运动可能被用作治疗生活方式相关疾病的药物，例如 2 型糖尿病、痴呆症、心血管疾病和癌症。在过去的几十年里，很明显骨骼肌作为内分泌器官发挥作用，它可以产生和分泌数百种肌因子，这些肌因子以自分泌、旁分泌或内分泌方式发挥作用。最近的进展表明，骨骼肌在运动时会产生肌动蛋白，这使得肌肉与其他器官（包括大脑、脂肪组织、骨骼、肝脏、肠道、胰腺、血管床和皮肤）之间的串扰以及肌肉内部的交流成为可能。肌肉本身。尽管只有少数肌细胞因子被分配到人类的特定功能，已确定肌细胞因子的生物学作用包括对例如认知、脂质和葡萄糖代谢、白色脂肪褐变、骨形成、内皮细胞功能、肥大、皮肤结构和肿瘤生长的影响。这表明，肌动蛋白可能是监测癌症、糖尿病或神经退行性疾病患者运动处方的有用生物标志物。