SUMMARYGene expression profiling of the host response to HIV infection has promised to fill the gaps in our knowledge and provide new insights toward vaccine and cure. However, despite 20 years of research, the biggest questions remained unanswered. A literature review identified 62 studies examining gene expression dysregulation in samples from individuals living with HIV. Changes in gene expression were dependent on cell/tissue type, stage of infection, viremia, and treatment status. Some cell types, notably CD4+ T cells, exhibit upregulation of cell cycle, interferon-related, and apoptosis genes consistent with depletion. Others, including CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, exhibit perturbed function in the absence of direct infection with HIV. Dysregulation is greatest during acute infection. Differences in study design and data reporting limit comparability of existing research and do not as yet provide a coherent overview of gene expression in HIV. This review outlines the extraordinarily complex host response to HIV and offers recommendations to realize the full potential of HIV host transcriptomics.

中文翻译：

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基因表达：了解 HIV-1 感染的关键？


摘要宿主对 HIV 感染反应的基因表达谱有望填补我们的知识空白，并为疫苗和治疗提供新的见解。然而，尽管进行了 20 年的研究，最大的问题仍然没有得到解答。一项文献综述确定了 62 项研究，检查艾滋病毒感染者样本中的基因表达失调。基因表达的变化取决于细胞/组织类型、感染阶段、病毒血症和治疗状态。一些细胞类型，尤其是 CD4+ T 细胞，表现出与细胞耗竭一致的细胞周期、干扰素相关和凋亡基因的上调。其他细胞，包括 CD8+ T 细胞和自然杀伤细胞，在没有直接感染 HIV 的情况下表现出功能紊乱。急性感染期间失调最为严重。研究设计和数据报告的差异限制了现有研究的可比性，并且尚未提供艾滋病毒基因表达的连贯概述。这篇综述概述了宿主对 HIV 的极其复杂的反应，并提供了充分发挥 HIV 宿主转录组学潜力的建议。