Terrestrial ecosystems across the world experience large-scale and widespread urbanization, causing a sharp decline, fragmentation and segregation of natural landscapes. Nevertheless, fragments of natural habitats that are found within the largest cities may still be capable of preserving high species diversity that amount to a large portion of the regional biodiversity. Knowing which variables of the urban landscape promote the conservation of species’ assemblages in large cities helps us to implement measures that support biodiversity conservation. We sampled the butterfly assemblages of eight urban forest fragments in Curitiba (Southern Brazil), from September 2015 to April 2016. At each site, richness, diversity and composition of butterflies were estimated and then correlated to nine landscape variables measured at two spatial scales (buffers of 250 and 750m). A total of 298 species were recorded in these fragments, representing 53.7% of all species known to occur in the city. Despite of great difference in the size of the fragments (between 27 and 56.3 ha), there were no significant differences in species richness among the fragments. On the other hand, some significant correlations were observed between landscape variables and butterfly composition other than the fragment itself, such as the paved area and total forested area present around the fragments. These results reinforce the idea that the conservation of natural fragments in urban areas requires public policies that enhance not only the habitat quality of the fragment itself, but also enrichment of the landscape around them.

中文翻译：

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城市景观影响巴西南部公园中蝴蝶的组成和碎片

世界各地的陆地生态系统都经历了大规模和广泛的城市化进程，导致自然景观急剧下降，破碎和隔离。尽管如此，在大城市中发现的自然栖息地碎片仍可能能够保留占区域生物多样性很大一部分的高物种多样性。知道城市景观的哪些变量可以促进大城市物种集合的保护，有助于我们执行支持生物多样性保护的措施。我们从2015年9月至2016年4月在库里蒂巴（巴西南部）采样了八个城市森林碎片的蝴蝶组合。在每个地点，估计蝴蝶的多样性和组成，然后将其与在两个空间尺度（250和750m的缓冲区）测量的九个景观变量相关联。这些碎片中总共记录了298种，占该市已知物种的53.7％。尽管碎片的大小差异很大（在27至56.3公顷之间），但碎片之间的物种丰富度没有显着差异。另一方面，除了片段本身以外，还观察到景观变量与蝴蝶组成之间存在显着相关性，例如片段周围的铺装面积和总森林面积。这些结果强化了这样的观念，即在城市地区保护自然片段需要公共政策，不仅要提高片段本身的栖息地质量，