ABSTRACT The majority of New Zealanders (approximately 80%) born in the 1970s report using cannabis at least once, despite its illegal status. Four-10% of past-year users were at risk of developing a cannabis dependence syndrome that impaired psychological, social and/or occupational functioning. There were negative psychiatric consequences for a subset of the population who began using cannabis in early/mid-adolescence, particularly in terms of developing psychosis (the risk appeared to be highest for those with a genetic predisposition), and to a lesser degree for depression. There was a consistent dose–response relation between increasing levels of, and/or persistence of cannabis use and a range of deleterious health outcomes including loss of cognitive capacity, increased respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function, periodontal disease, compromised educational achievement and employment history, as well as a host of negative social outcomes (e.g. criminal convictions, relationship difficulties, driving impairment). No discernable impacts upon cardiovascular function were observed. The majority of cannabis users did so with little or no harm. In contrast, a non-trivial minority of the population (approximately 5%–10%) were at heightened risk because they: (i) used cannabis on more days than not; (ii) had become cannabis dependent; or (iii) began using cannabis during mid-adolescence and persisted well into adulthood. Implications are discussed with respect to the 2020 referendum.

中文翻译：

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Aotearoa-New Zealand 的休闲大麻使用模式及其后果：在 2020 年公投中告知选民的证据

摘要 1970 年代出生的大多数新西兰人（约 80%）报告至少使用过一次大麻，尽管它是非法的。过去一年中 4-10% 的使用者有患大麻依赖综合症的风险，这会损害心理、社会和/或职业功能。对于在青春期早期/中期开始使用大麻的一部分人群，尤其是在发展为精神病方面（具有遗传倾向的人的风险似乎最高），以及程度较低的抑郁症，存在负面的精神病学后果. 大麻使用水平的增加和/或持续性与一系列有害健康结果之间存在一致的剂量反应关系，包括认知能力丧失、呼吸道症状增加和肺功能受损、牙周病、教育成就和就业经历受到影响，以及一系列负面的社会后果（例如刑事定罪、人际关系困难、驾驶障碍）。未观察到对心血管功能的明显影响。大多数大麻使用者这样做几乎没有伤害。相比之下，少数人（大约 5%–10%）面临更高的风险，因为他们：(i) 使用大麻的天数多于不使用；(ii) 已成为大麻依赖者；或 (iii) 在青春期中期开始使用大麻并一直持续到成年。对 2020 年公投的影响进行了讨论。未观察到对心血管功能的明显影响。大多数大麻使用者这样做几乎没有伤害。相比之下，少数人（大约 5%–10%）面临更高的风险，因为他们：(i) 使用大麻的天数多于不使用；(ii) 已成为大麻依赖者；或 (iii) 在青春期中期开始使用大麻并一直持续到成年。对 2020 年公投的影响进行了讨论。未观察到对心血管功能的明显影响。大多数大麻使用者这样做几乎没有伤害。相比之下，少数人（大约 5%–10%）面临更高的风险，因为他们：(i) 使用大麻的天数多于不使用；(ii) 已成为大麻依赖者；或 (iii) 在青春期中期开始使用大麻并一直持续到成年。对 2020 年公投的影响进行了讨论。