ABSTRACT Inflammatory bowel disease is the umbrella term for a group of diseases whose incidence has been increasing over the past century. Although initial literature analyses had suggested a small number of genes, perhaps between 10 and 20, responsible for disease susceptibility, subsequent national and international collaborations have significantly modified those estimations to greater than 240, with more expected as the technologies continue to advance. As well as direct effects on the genome providing possible targets for therapy or functional foods, it is clear that the immune system, the epi-genome and the gut microbiome also play an important role in disease development and progression. While certain foods accelerate disease development in individuals carrying specific genotypes, the same foods appear beneficial to other genetic groups. Gene-nutrient-microbiota interactions also become important, and tissue culture or animal models are available to initially test hypotheses. However, genomic technologies are necessary to reveal all major effects, whether beneficial or otherwise, in animal or human studies. These technologies include transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, which reveal details of what has happened in a gene-diet or gene-drug interaction. At an international level, the field originally called nutrigenomics, has now been divided into two complementary fields: nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics.

中文翻译：

---

炎症性肠病：为什么这为营养基因组学的发展提供了一个有用的例子

摘要 炎症性肠病是过去一个世纪发病率不断增加的一组疾病的总称。尽管最初的文献分析表明有少数基因，可能在 10 到 20 之间，负责疾病易感性，但随后的国家和国际合作已将这些估计值显着修改为大于 240，随着技术的不断进步，预计会更多。除了对基因组的直接影响为治疗或功能性食品提供可能的靶点外，很明显免疫系统、表观基因组和肠道微生物组在疾病的发展和进展中也发挥着重要作用。虽然某些食物会加速携带特定基因型的个体的疾病发展，但相同的食物似乎对其他基因组有益。基因-营养素-微生物群相互作用也变得重要，组织培养或动物模型可用于初步检验假设。然而，基因组技术对于揭示动物或人类研究中的所有主要影响（无论是有益的还是其他的）是必要的。这些技术包括转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学，它们揭示了基因-饮食或基因-药物相互作用中发生的事情的细节。在国际层面，该领域最初被称为营养基因组学，现在已分为两个互补的领域：营养遗传学和营养基因组学。这些技术包括转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学，它们揭示了基因-饮食或基因-药物相互作用中发生的事情的细节。在国际层面，该领域最初被称为营养基因组学，现在已分为两个互补的领域：营养遗传学和营养基因组学。这些技术包括转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学，它们揭示了基因-饮食或基因-药物相互作用中发生的事情的细节。在国际层面，该领域最初被称为营养基因组学，现在已分为两个互补的领域：营养遗传学和营养基因组学。