ABSTRACT Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common, chronic and distressing functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) which is currently considered a dysregulation of the brain-gut axis (BGA). Multiple biological systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of IBS, however there is currently no reliable biomarkers for this disorder and no cure. Observations that the gut microbiota of IBS patients differs from healthy controls have been made for decades as well as the role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of multiple disease. The use of probiotics, antibiotics and elimination diets have been proven to be efficacious in the treatment of IBS symptoms. A subset of IBS patients develop chronic IBS symptoms after contraction of infectious gastroenteritis or after antibiotic use. Furthermore, the gut microbiota are known to modulate the BGA. We review here the history and current state of knowledge of the role that the gut microbiota plays in the pathophysiology of IBS.

中文翻译：

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肠易激综合征和肠道微生物群

摘要 肠易激综合征 (IBS) 是一种常见的、慢性的、令人痛苦的功能性胃肠病 (FGID)，目前被认为是脑肠轴 (BGA) 的失调。IBS 的病理生理学涉及多个生物系统，但是目前没有可靠的生物标志物用于这种疾病，也无法治愈。几十年来，已经观察到 IBS 患者的肠道微生物群与健康对照不同，以及肠道微生物群在多种疾病的病理生理学中的作用。益生菌、抗生素和消除饮食的使用已被证明可有效治疗 IBS 症状。一部分 IBS 患者在感染性胃肠炎收缩或使用抗生素后出现慢性 IBS 症状。此外，众所周知，肠道微生物群会调节 BGA。我们在此回顾了肠道微生物群在 IBS 病理生理学中的作用的历史和现状。