ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in New Zealand and while the overall incidence of CRC is declining, the changing population demographics means that the prevalence is increasing. Most of these cancers are considered sporadic and current thinking is that their development is driven by an environmental and/or lifestyle factor(s) that promotes chronic inflammation and/or DNA damage with associated changes in the microcellular environment, resulting in pre-cancerous and finally cancerous changes. There is increasing evidence to suggest a role for an individual’s gut microbiota in the initiation and progression of sporadic CRC, and diet as one of several lifestyle factors associated with increased risk. This review will examine evidence that links carriage of toxin-producing strains of gut microbiota to the aetiology of CRC, and examine how diet might interact with a toxigenic bacterium to drive (or mitigate) risk of carcinogenesis in infected individuals.

中文翻译：

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产毒肠道细菌、饮食和结肠癌发生

摘要 结直肠癌是新西兰第二大最常见的癌症，虽然结直肠癌的总体发病率正在下降，但人口结构的变化意味着其患病率正在增加。大多数这些癌症被认为是散发性的，目前的想法是，它们的发展是由环境和/或生活方式因素驱动的，这些因素会促进慢性炎症和/或 DNA 损伤以及微细胞环境的相关变化，从而导致癌前病变和最后癌变。越来越多的证据表明，个体肠道微生物群在散发性 CRC 的发生和发展中发挥作用，而饮食是与风险增加相关的几种生活方式因素之一。