Abstract Major crop nutrient symptoms are well documented. In contrast, there is often minimal or no similar information for minor crops, including quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). This knowledge gap can be efficiently filled by using hydroponic systems. However, creating multiple nutrient deficiencies with plants in the same study is challenging because nutrients are often added as dual nutrient salts. For example, if potassium sulfate is the potassium (K) source, varying K concentration also impacts sulfur (S) concentration, possibly creating dual deficiencies or other interactions. A new hydroponic system was created to impose nutrient deficiencies using single nutrient sources: ammonium nitrate; phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, and boric acids; potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper carbonates; manganese acetate; sodium molybdate; iron EDDHA, with HEDTA as an additional chelate. Fourteen treatments were established including a positive control with nutrient concentrations anticipated to be optimal compared with individual deficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), K, S, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and chloride (Cl). The “deficient” treatments were created by reducing concentrations by 80% for N and 90% for the others. The solution proved to be mostly effective as quinoa plants were grown to maturity. Stem size, plant height, and shoot and root biomass were impacted, especially for treatments with reduced N, P, and K. Unfortunately, the predicted adequate levels of some nutrients were likely excessive, especially B and Mn. Additional fine tuning is required to create a solution optimal in all nutrients.

中文翻译：

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在具有单一营养盐/酸/螯合物来源的水培中生长的藜麦的矿物质营养缺乏

摘要 主要的作物营养症状有据可查。相比之下，包括藜麦 (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) 在内的小型作物通常很少或没有类似信息。使用水培系统可以有效地填补这一知识空白。然而，在同一研究中对植物造成多种营养缺乏是具有挑战性的，因为营养物质通常作为双重营养盐添加。例如，如果硫酸钾是钾 (K) 源，则不同的 K 浓度也会影响硫 (S) 浓度，可能会产生双重缺陷或其他相互作用。创建了一种新的水培系统，以使用单一营养源来解决营养缺乏问题：硝酸铵；磷酸、硫酸、盐酸和硼酸；钾、钙、镁、锌和碳酸铜；醋酸锰；钼酸钠；铁 EDDHA，与 HEDTA 作为额外的螯合物。建立了 14 种处理方法，包括与氮 (N)、磷 (P)、K、S、钙 (Ca)、镁 (Mg)、锌 (Zn)、铁的个体缺乏相比，营养浓度预期最佳的阳性对照(Fe)、锰 (Mn)、铜 (Cu)、硼 (B)、钼 (Mo) 和氯化物 (Cl)。“缺陷”处理是通过将 N 的浓度降低 80% 和其他 90% 的浓度来创建的。当藜麦植物生长到成熟时，该解决方案被证明是最有效的。茎的大小、植物的高度以及地上部和根的生物量都受到了影响，特别是对于减少 N、P 和 K 的处理。不幸的是，预测的一些营养物质的充足水平可能过高，尤其是 B 和 Mn。