ABSTRACT Few studies have focused on the diverse fauna of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. This region, spared from large-scale human occupation until the second half of the twentieth century, has been threatened by expanding agriculture, logging, and mining. Here, we describe a new nurse frog (Allobates, Aromobatidae) from the open highland habitats of Serra dos Pacaás Novos, one of the few large remnants of relatively intact native vegetation in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. The new species is diagnosed by its metallic orange dorsal colouration, weakly expanded discs on hands, and presence of two subarticular tubercles on Finger IV. A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data recovered the new species as more closely related to nurse frogs from the Madeira and Tapajós River basins; this pattern may reflect a history of dispersal uphill from a lowland ancestor. Our results also indicate that the generic assignment of Allobates alessandroi (Grant and Rodriguez, 2001), a high-elevation species from the Andes of Peru, needs to be reassessed; we discuss the phylogenetic affinities of this species based on morphological attributes. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79131D82-B1B6-455D-AD9A-676D7E0783BC

中文翻译：

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来自西南亚马逊高地的一种新护士蛙，并记录了 Allobates alessandroi（Aromobatidae）的系统发育亲缘关系

摘要 很少有研究关注巴西亚马逊西南部的多样化动物群。该地区直到 20 世纪下半叶才遭到大规模人类占领，受到农业、伐木和采矿业扩张的威胁。在这里，我们描述了一种来自 Serra dos Pacaás Novos 开阔高地栖息地的新护士蛙（Alobates，Aromobatidae），这是巴西朗多尼亚州少数相对完整的原生植被的大型遗迹之一。新物种的诊断依据是其背部呈金属橙色，手上的椎间盘扩张较弱，第四指上有两个关节下结节。基于 DNA 序列数据的系统发育分析发现新物种与来自马德拉河和塔帕若斯河流域的护士蛙更密切相关；这种模式可能反映了从低地祖先向山上扩散的历史。我们的结果还表明，秘鲁安第斯山脉的高海拔物种 Allobates alessandroi（Grant 和 Rodriguez，2001 年）的一般分配需要重新评估；我们根据形态学属性讨论该物种的系统发育亲和力。http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79131D82-B1B6-455D-AD9A-676D7E0783BC