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Comparison of propensity score methods for pre-specified subgroup analysis with survival data.
Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2020.1730868
Rima Izem 1 , Jiemin Liao 2 , Mao Hu 2 , Yuqin Wei 2 , Sandia Akhtar 2 , Michael Wernecke 2 , Thomas E MaCurdy 2, 3 , Jeffrey Kelman 4 , David J Graham 5
Affiliation  

Examining medical products’ benefits and risks in different population subsets is often necessary for informing public health decisions. In observational cohort studies, safety analyses by pre-specified subgroup can be powered, and are informative about different population subsets’ risks if the study designs or analyses adequately control for confounding. However, few guidelines exist on how to simultaneously control for confounding and conduct subgroup analyses. In this simulation study, we evaluated the performance, in terms of bias, efficiency and coverage, of six propensity score methods in 24 scenarios by estimating subgroup-specific hazard ratios of average treatment effect in the treated with Cox regression models. The subgroup analysis methods control for confounding either by propensity score matching or by inverse probability treatment weighting. These methods vary as to whether they subset information or borrow it across subgroups to estimate the propensity score. Simulation scenarios varied by size of subgroup, strength of association of subgroup with exposure, strength of association of subgroup with outcome (simulated survival), and outcome incidence. Results indicated that subsetting the data by the subgrouping variable, to estimate the propensity score and hazard ratio, has the smallest bias, far exceeding any penalty in precision. Moreover, weighting methods pay a heavier price in bias than do matching methods when the propensity score model is misspecified and the subgrouping variable is a strong confounder.



中文翻译:

预先指定亚组分析的倾向评分方法与生存数据的比较。

检查医疗产品在不同人群中的收益和风险通常是为公共卫生决策提供信息所必需的。在观察性队列研究中,如果研究设计或分析对混杂进行了充分的控制,则预先指定的亚组的安全性分析可以具有效力,并且可以提供有关不同人群亚组风险的信息。然而,关于如何同时控制混杂和进行亚组分析的指南很少。在这项模拟研究中,我们通过估计 Cox 回归模型处理的平均治疗效果的亚组特定风险比,评估了 6 种倾向评分方法在 24 种情况下的偏差、效率和覆盖率。亚组分析方法通过倾向得分匹配或逆概率处理加权来控制混杂。这些方法因是将信息子集化还是跨子组借用信息来估计倾向得分而有所不同。模拟情景因亚组规模、亚组与暴露的关联强度、亚组与结果(模拟生存)的关联强度以及结果发生率而异。结果表明,通过分组变量对数据进行子集化,以估计倾向评分和风险比,偏差最小,远远超过任何精度惩罚。此外,当倾向评分模型被错误指定并且子分组变量是一个强混杂因素时,加权方法比匹配方法付出更大的偏差代价。这些方法因是将信息子集化还是跨子组借用信息来估计倾向得分而有所不同。模拟情景因亚组规模、亚组与暴露的关联强度、亚组与结果(模拟生存)的关联强度以及结果发生率而异。结果表明,通过分组变量对数据进行子集化,以估计倾向评分和风险比,偏差最小,远远超过任何精度惩罚。此外,当倾向评分模型被错误指定并且子分组变量是一个强混杂因素时,加权方法比匹配方法付出更大的偏差代价。这些方法因是将信息子集化还是跨子组借用信息来估计倾向得分而有所不同。模拟情景因亚组规模、亚组与暴露的关联强度、亚组与结果(模拟生存)的关联强度以及结果发生率而异。结果表明,通过分组变量对数据进行子集化,以估计倾向评分和风险比,偏差最小,远远超过任何精度惩罚。此外,当倾向评分模型被错误指定并且子分组变量是一个强混杂因素时,加权方法比匹配方法付出更大的偏差代价。亚组与暴露的关联强度、亚组与结果(模拟生存)的关联强度以及结果发生率。结果表明,通过分组变量对数据进行子集化,以估计倾向评分和风险比,偏差最小,远远超过任何精度惩罚。此外,当倾向评分模型被错误指定并且子分组变量是一个强混杂因素时,加权方法比匹配方法付出更大的偏差代价。亚组与暴露的关联强度、亚组与结果(模拟生存)的关联强度以及结果发生率。结果表明,通过分组变量对数据进行子集化,以估计倾向评分和风险比,偏差最小,远远超过任何精度惩罚。此外,当倾向评分模型被错误指定并且子分组变量是一个强混杂因素时,加权方法比匹配方法付出更大的偏差代价。

更新日期:2020-03-19
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