Abstract Riungu GK, Hallo JC, Backman KF, Brownlee M, Beeco JA, Larson LR. 2020. Water-based recreation management: a normative approach to reviewing boating thresholds. Lake Reserv Manage. 36:139–154. Recreational boating is one of the major water-based recreation activities in the United States. Multiple public natural lakes and rivers are used for boating, but these waterways are a limited natural resource. The building of dams and their associated reservoirs have increased opportunities for boating, but even these areas at times remain quite crowded. In order to ensure that both resource and experiential capacities are not exceeded, density-related thresholds for boating, measured in surface acres of water per watercraft, need to be determined. Despite thresholds specifying the minimum acceptable conditions for boating, agencies managing waterways often apply thresholds that are not site-specific or evidence-based, and fail to solicit input from the public. Therefore, thresholds for boating capacity vary widely. Social norms have been widely applied in park and outdoor recreation management, and hence are likely to enhance the consistency, objectivity, and accuracy of estimation of boating capacity and the utilization of this capacity. This study applied normative approaches to estimate utilization of boating amenities and to update boating thresholds at 2 reservoirs in Washington State. Additionally, the study found visitors’ perceived level of crowding was a significant predictor of their perceptions of safety and security at both reservoirs. Therefore, there is a safety-related need for waterway managers to determine and implement crowding-based boating thresholds derived from visitor perceptions.

中文翻译：

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水上娱乐管理：审查划船门槛的规范方法

摘要 Riungu GK、Hallo JC、Backman KF、Brownlee M、Beeco JA、Larson LR。2020. 水上娱乐管理：审查划船门槛的规范方法。湖泊保护区管理。36:139-154。休闲划船是美国主要的水上休闲活动之一。多个公共天然湖泊和河流用于划船，但这些水道是有限的自然资源。大坝及其相关水库的建设增加了划船的机会，但即使是这些地区有时仍然非常拥挤。为了确保不超过资源容量和体验容量，需要确定与划船密度相关的阈值，以每艘船只的表面面积水面积来衡量。尽管阈值规定了划船的最低可接受条件，管理水道的机构通常采用非特定地点或基于证据的阈值，并且未能征求公众的意见。因此，划船能力的阈值差异很大。社会规范已广泛应用于公园和户外休闲管理中，因此有可能提高对划船能力的估计及其利用的一致性、客观性和准确性。本研究采用规范方法来估计划船设施的利用率并更新华盛顿州 2 个水库的划船阈值。此外，该研究发现游客对拥挤程度的感知是他们对两个水库安全和安保感知的重要预测因素。所以，