Introduction: Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by limitations in cognitive and adaptive functioning. The aim of this study is to examine sociodemographic characteristics, perinatal and childhood risk factors, and prevalence of psychiatric and biomedical comorbidities in children with ID.

Methods: 260 patients with ID were included in the study (mean age: 8.42 ± 3.59, 61% male, 75% mild ID). The Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised, and the Porteus Maze Test were used to assess the intelligence of the participants. An additional questionnaire was used to investigate their sociodemographic characteristics and birth, developmental, and medical histories.

Results: Adverse perinatal/neonatal events (p < .001), biomedical comorbidities (p < .001) and seizure/convulsion history (p < .001) were strongly associated with the moderate-severe ID. The children with mild ID had more emotional-social deprivation (p = .022). Low socioeconomic situation, parental education, and teenage parenthood were risk factors for stimulus deficiency. While internalizing disorders were more common in those with mild ID and among girls, externalizing disorders were more common in those with moderate-severe ID and among boys.

Conclusion: Interventions to perinatal/neonatal events may reduce the rate of moderate-severe ID. Evaluation of psychiatric and medical comorbidities and elimination of emotional-social deprivation should be fundamental components of the services offered to children with ID.

简介：智力障碍（ID）的特征是认知和适应功能受限。这项研究的目的是检查ID患儿的社会人口统计学特征，围产期和儿童期危险因素以及精神病和生物医学合并症的患病率。

方法：纳入260例ID患者（平均年龄：8.42±3.59，男性61％，轻度ID 75％）。使用安卡拉发育筛查清单，韦氏儿童智力量表（修订版）和Porteus迷宫测验来评估参与者的智力。另外的问卷被用来调查他们的社会人口统计学特征以及出生，发育和医学史。

结果：不良的围产期/新生儿事件（p <.001），生物医学合并症（p <.001）和癫痫/惊厥史（p <.001）与中度至重度ID密切相关。轻度ID的儿童有更多的情感-社会剥夺（p = .022）。低的社会经济状况，父母的教育程度和青少年的父母身份是刺激缺乏的危险因素。虽然内在障碍在ID较轻的女孩中和女孩中更为普遍，而内在障碍在ID中度严重的人中和男孩中更普遍。

结论：干预围产期/新生儿事件可能会降低中重度ID发生率。对精神病和医学合并症的评估以及消除情感-社会剥夺应该是向身患残疾的儿童提供的服务的基本组成部分。