With the development of cutting-edge technology in the area of driving performance, driver warning systems based on head up displays (HUD) are considered to have the potential to improve driving safety in the future. The location of HUD warning graphics is a vital component to ensure that drivers obtain information the first time and avoid cognitive tunneling when coming across hazards; however, few studies have critically examined this. The present study investigated the advantages of HUD in presenting warning graphics in comparison with traditional head down display (HDD) in vehicles, and further explored the effect of HUD location based on comprehensive indicators, including behavior performance, eye movement data, and subjective assessment. The results revealed that compared with HDD, presenting warning graphics to drivers on HUD could significantly improve driving performance and eye movement patterns, and HUD was the preferential mode for drivers. Results also demonstrated that presenting HUD warning graphics at a location of 8°below the sight line was associated with the worst results in driving performance, eye movement patterns and subjective assessment. Other locations of HUD presentation were not associated with any significant differences for most indicators. These findings have some reference implications for automobile designers as they construct and implement HUD warning systems.

随着驾驶性能领域尖端技术的发展，基于平视显示器（HUD）的驾驶员警告系统被认为有潜力在未来提高驾驶安全性。HUD警告图形的位置是确保驾驶员第一次获得信息并避免遇到危险时避免认知隧道的重要组成部分；但是，很少有研究对此进行过严格审查。本研究调查了HUD在显示警告图形方面与传统的头戴式显示器（HDD）相比的优势，并基于行为表现，眼动数据和主观评估等综合指标，进一步探讨了HUD定位的效果。结果显示，与HDD相比，在HUD上向驾驶员显示警告图形可以显着改善驾驶性能和眼动模式，HUD是驾驶员的优先模式。结果还表明，在视线下方8°位置显示HUD警告图形与驾驶性能，眼动模式和主观评估中最差的结果相关。HUD呈现的其他位置与大多数指标没有任何显着差异。这些发现对汽车设计师在构建和实施HUD警告系统时具有参考意义。结果还表明，在视线下方8°位置显示HUD警告图形与驾驶性能，眼动模式和主观评估中最差的结果相关。HUD呈现的其他位置与大多数指标没有任何显着差异相关。这些发现对汽车设计师在构建和实施HUD警告系统时具有参考意义。结果还表明，在视线下方8°位置显示HUD警告图形与驾驶性能，眼动模式和主观评估中最差的结果相关。HUD呈现的其他位置与大多数指标没有任何显着差异。这些发现对汽车设计师在构建和实施HUD警告系统时具有参考意义。