Abstract

Accident reconstructions and numerical simulations are used to evaluate and improve protective systems. Virtual testing and numerical methods can assist in the improvement safety of vulnerable road users. This work presents the tremendous potential of using computer-aided engineering by describing the development of a windshield numerical model and its damage and fracture validation. The motivation behind this study is the possibility of using such a model in the reconstruction of road accidents involving vulnerable road users. The main goal is the development and validation of a finite element model of an automobile windshield in order to use it in further studies regarding the reconstruction of road traffic accidents. In order to validate it according to experimental studies available in the literature, the 4.8 kg standard adult headform from the European Enhanced Vehicle Safety Committee is also developed and validated. A total of eight impacts at six different locations and carried at two different impact velocities (6 m/s and 11.1 m/s) were simulated. The validation of the windshield model, and consequently the damage model employed to simulate glass cracking initiation and propagation, were accomplished by comparing the acceleration at the headform’s centre of gravity and the windshield’s fracture pattern against experimental data.

摘要

事故重建和数值模拟用于评估和改进保护系统。虚拟测试和数值方法可以帮助提高弱势道路使用者的安全。这项工作通过描述挡风玻璃数值模型的开发及其损坏和断裂验证，展示了使用计算机辅助工程的巨大潜力。这项研究背后的动机是在重建涉及弱势道路使用者的道路事故中使用这种模型的可能性。主要目标是开发和验证汽车挡风玻璃的有限元模型，以便将其用于道路交通事故重建的进一步研究。为了根据文献中可用的实验研究对其进行验证，4.8 来自欧洲增强型车辆安全委员会的 kg 标准成人头型也得到开发和验证。总共模拟了在六个不同位置并以两种不同的冲击速度（6  m/s 和 11.1  m/s）进行的八次冲击。通过将头模重心处的加速度和挡风玻璃的断裂模式与实验数据进行比较，完成了挡风玻璃模型的验证，以及用于模拟玻璃裂纹萌生和扩展的损伤模型。