Abstract

This research analyzes the head and chest injuries with a finite element model of Hybrid III six years old during the vehicle rollover, using a passive safety Child restraint system (CRS). Vehicle seats and passive safety systems were modeled in CAD software. Subsequently, all elements were analyzed using the finite element method in the LS-DYNA^® software. The border conditions were established for each study, in accordance with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS), following the FMVSS 213 standard for the mounting and fastening of the infant, the FMVSS 208 for the dolly rollover test methodology with which the vehicle rollover was performed. The vehicle Toyota Yaris 2010 was considered in all the analyzes. The numerical simulations were performed during an interval of 1 s, and there were obtained values every 2 ms to analyze the efficiency of the system and the restriction performance of the CRS system. It was compared the behavior when the chair uses a 5-point seatbelt, with respect to using the 3-point seatbelt, and what happens when holding the chair with the single seatbelt and with the ISOFIX anchorage. Three cases of studies were analyzed: Study I; CRS Study II; CRS with ISOFIX anchorage; and Study III; CRS with a seatbelt of 5-points. The outcome shows that the best restriction efficiency is that of the CRS 5 points seatbelt because it presents the lowest level of chest injury. In conclusion, the main factor to reduce injuries during a rollover accident is the correct anchoring of CRS, this is achieved with ISOFIX system, on the other hand, a good quality of material and a correct thickness used for the headrest could reduce the risk of a head injury.

摘要

本研究使用被动安全儿童约束系统 (CRS) 分析了 Hybrid III 的有限元模型在车辆侧翻期间的头部和胸部损伤。汽车座椅和被动安全系统在 CAD 软件中建模。随后，使用 LS-DYNA ^{® 中}的有限元方法对所有元素进行了分析软件。根据联邦机动车辆安全标准 (FMVSS)，按照 FMVSS 213 标准对婴儿的安装和紧固，FMVSS 208 用于推车侧翻测试方法，车辆侧翻的边界条件是为每项研究建立的。进行了。在所有分析中都考虑了 Toyota Yaris 2010 车辆。数值模拟以 1 s 为间隔进行，每 2 ms 获得一次数值，用于分析系统效率和 CRS 系统的约束性能。比较了椅子使用 5 点式安全带与使用 3 点式安全带时的行为，以及使用单条安全带和 ISOFIX 固定点握住椅子时的情况。分析了三个研究案例：研究 I；CRS研究二；带 ISOFIX 锚固的 CRS；和研究三；带有 5 点式安全带的 CRS。结果表明，最好的限制效率是 CRS 5 点式安全带，因为它表现出最低水平的胸部损伤。总之，在翻车事故中减少伤害的主要因素是 CRS 的正确锚定，这是通过 ISOFIX 系统实现的，另一方面，优质的材料和用于头枕的正确厚度可以降低风险头部受伤。