ABSTRACT

In Pinhal Novo, Palmela, and neighboring municipalities, southern Lisbon region, there are a great number of small adobe masonry dwellings, made in the first half of the twentieth century. The vernacular dwellings were constructed by families that came from the north/center region of Portugal to work at the local manors and were called Caramel´s. Adobe samples from three of these dwellings were collected in Pinhal Novo and Moita, and tested for particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, color, bulk density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, thermal conductivity, dry abrasion, flexural and compressive strength, capillary absorption and drying. It was possible to conclude that the adobe was not chemically stabilized and had no vegetable fibers. Average values for the adobe properties were defined and results were analyzed, revealing comparable to unstabilised adobe and even to lime stabilized adobe from other regions. The data on Caramel´s adobe can support the design of interventions to preserve at least some of these Caramel´s vernacular dwellings.

摘要

在里斯本南部地区的 Pinhal Novo、Palmela 和邻近城市，有大量建于 20 世纪上半叶的小型土坯砖砌住宅。白话住宅由来自葡萄牙北部/中部地区的家庭建造，在当地庄园工作，被称为焦糖。在 Pinhal Novo 和 Moita 收集了其中三个住宅的 Adob​​e 样品，并测试了粒度分布、X 射线衍射、颜色、体积密度、超声波脉冲速度、热导率、干磨损、弯曲和抗压强度、毛细管吸收和烘干。可以得出结论，土坯没有化学稳定性，也没有植物纤维。定义了土坯属性的平均值并分析了结果，显示出可与不稳定土坯相媲美，甚至与其他地区的石灰稳定土坯相媲美。Caramel 土坯的数据可以支持干预措施的设计，以至少保留一些 Caramel 的乡土住宅。