ABSTRACT

Lintels have more than a thousand-year-old history as one of the most important structural elements of historical buildings. In the 20th century, however, masonry lintels have been replaced almost completely by steel or reinforced concrete. The problem of assessing the technical condition, repair and reconstruction methods, and modernization of masonry buildings is still actual and depends on the real load-bearing capacity of masonry lintels. The article features the analysis of defects and damages of lintels and stresses occurring in them. Different types of laboratory models and analysis of their tests results are presented in the article. Laboratory material tests are presented. The additional strength effect provided from brick layers over lintel is analysed with laboratory tests.

摘要

门楣作为历史建筑最重要的结构元素之一，已有一千多年的历史。然而，在 20 世纪，砖石过梁几乎完全被钢或钢筋混凝土取代。砌体建筑的技术条件评估、修复重建方法、现代化改造等问题仍然存在，取决于砌体门楣的实际承载能力。文章重点分析了门楣的缺陷和损坏以及其中发生的应力。文章中介绍了不同类型的实验室模型及其测试结果分析。介绍了实验室材料测试。通过实验室测试分析了由砖层在门楣上提供的额外强度效应。