Earth-based mortars have been used all over the world since ancient times in an extensive range of building types from vernacular architecture to monuments. Plastering is one of the most common contemporary applications of earth-based mortars used for earthen-building conservation or modern architecture. Raw earth is a very diverse natural material, and clay minerals play a key role in plaster properties being responsible for their setting process and providing the capacity of balancing the indoor hygrometric conditions of buildings. This capacity offers significant benefits to energy savings delivering comfort and health of inhabitants and also contributes to building conservation. For this study, three mortars were produced with different clayish earths to assess the influence of clay mineralogy. Mortars characterization confirmed that clay mineralogy drives important plaster properties, such as vapour adsorption and drying shrinkage, while also having a significant influence on mechanical strength, dry abrasion, and thermal conductivity. Within the studied mortars, illitic clayish earth stands outs as more adequate for earth-based plasters, showing balanced properties, namely linear drying shrinkage, mechanical strength, dry abrasion, and water vapour adsorption.

自古以来，地基砂浆已在世界各地用于从民俗建筑到古迹的各种建筑类型。抹灰是当代用于土工建筑物保护或现代建筑的土基砂浆最常见的应用之一。生土是一种非常多样化的天然材料，粘土矿物在石膏属性中起着关键作用，石膏属性负责其凝固过程并提供平衡建筑物的室内湿度条件的能力。这种能力为节能带来了显着的好处，可为居民带来舒适和健康，也有助于保护建筑物。在这项研究中，生产了三种砂浆，分别用不同的粘土土来评估粘土矿物学的影响。砂浆的特性证实，粘土矿物学具有重要的灰泥特性，例如蒸气吸附和干燥收缩，同时对机械强度，干磨损和导热性也有重要影响。在所研究的砂浆中，硅质粘土土更适合土基灰泥，并显示出平衡的特性，即线性干燥收缩，机械强度，干磨和水蒸气吸附。