ABSTRACT

Virtual Reality applications have the goal of transporting their users to a given virtual environment (VE). Thus, Presence is a consensual metric for evaluating the VEs' effectiveness. The present study adapts the Presence Questionnaire (PQ) for the Portuguese-speaking population, maintaining the validity of the contents and concepts, to ascertain the psychometric properties of the instrument.The adaptation to Portuguese was achieved through the standard adaptation process of translation and back-translation process. The sample consisted of 451 individuals (268 males and 183 females). Factor reliability ranged from 0.63 to 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis produced a theoretical model of 21 items distributed among seven factors, where the covariance between some residual item errors was established. The fit indices obtained were ${\chi }^2/df=2.077$, GFI $=0.936$, CFI $=0.937$, RMSEA $=0.049$, P [RMSEA $\le 0.05$], MECVI $=1.070$. Results obtained allowed us to consider that the adapted Portuguese version of the PQ, with 21 items, forms a robust and valid questionnaire whose use is recommended to evaluate Presence in virtual reality research programmes, provided that they use samples of the Portuguese language (Europe).

摘要

虚拟现实应用程序的目标是将用户传送到给定的虚拟环境 (VE)。因此，存在是评估 VE 有效性的共识指标。本研究采用葡萄牙语人群的存在问卷（PQ），保持内容和概念的有效性，以确定仪器的心理测量特性。 - 翻译过程。样本包括 451 个人（268 名男性和 183 名女性）。因子信度介于 0.63 至 0.86 之间。验证性因素分析产生了分布在 7 个因素中的 21 个项目的理论模型，其中建立了一些残差项目之间的协方差。获得的拟合指数是${\chi }^2/dF=2.077$, GFI $=0.936$, CFI $=0.937$, RMSEA $=0.049$, P [RMSEA $\le 0.05$]、MECVI $=1.070$. 获得的结果使我们能够考虑到 PQ 的改编葡萄牙语版本（包含 21 个项目）构成了一份稳健有效的问卷，建议使用该问卷来评估虚拟现实研究计划中的 Presence，前提是它们使用葡萄牙语样本（欧洲） .