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Adaptations to prey base in the hypercarnivorous leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis
Ethology Ecology & Evolution ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-21 , DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2020.1711816
Masumi Hisano 1 , Chris Newman 2
Affiliation  

Investigating biogeographical variations in diet composition can help understand the adaptability and generalism of species. Although the dietary adaptability of omnivorous mesocarnivores is well established, far less work has explored how more specialist hypercarnivores optimise their diets. By reviewing 11 studies of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), we quantitatively examined how dietary composition varies over the wide range of biomes they occupy in Asia. Specifically, we contrasted the diet of the Iriomote Island sub-species (south-western Japan), where native rodents are absent, with that of the mainland. Leopard cat diet typically comprised mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates. In Iriomote Island, however, the low relative frequency of occurrence of small mammals (only introduced rats) was compensated by higher frequencies of reptiles and amphibians compared to the mainland. Consequently, trophic diversity and dietary niche breadth were higher for leopard cats in Iriomote Island than for the mainland. This shows that even hypercarnivorous species can use trophic plasticity to adapt to local prey availability. Given that rodent numbers often fluctuate substantially over time, the availability of alternative prey, such as herptiles, may be vital for the conservation of the leopard cat, and especially the critically endangered Iriomote cat. More generally, the trophic versatility of hypercarnivores must be considered when assessing their vulnerability to environmental change.

中文翻译:

对超食肉豹猫 Prionailurus bengalensis 的猎物基地的适应

调查饮食成分的生物地理变化有助于了解物种的适应性和普遍性。尽管杂食性中型食肉动物的饮食适应性已经确立,但探索更专业的超级食肉动物如何优化其饮食的工作却少之又少。通过回顾对豹猫 (Prionailurus bengalensis) 的 11 项研究,我们定量研究了它们在亚洲占据的广泛生物群落中饮食成分的变化。具体来说,我们将没有本土啮齿动物的西表岛亚种(日本西南部)的饮食与大陆的饮食进行了对比。豹猫的饮食通常包括哺乳动物、鸟类、两栖动物、爬行动物和无脊椎动物。然而,在西表岛,与大陆相比,小型哺乳动物(仅引入的老鼠)出现的相对频率较低,但爬行动物和两栖动物的出现频率较高,弥补了这一点。因此,西表岛豹猫的营养多样性和饮食生态位宽度高于大陆。这表明即使是超级食肉动物也可以利用营养可塑性来适应当地的猎物可用性。鉴于啮齿动物的数量经常随着时间的推移而大幅波动,替代猎物(例如爬虫类)的可用性对于豹猫的保护可能至关重要,尤其是极度濒危的西表猫。更一般地说,在评估它们对环境变化的脆弱性时,必须考虑超级食肉动物的营养多样性。西表岛豹猫的营养多样性和饮食生态位宽度高于大陆。这表明即使是超级食肉动物也可以利用营养可塑性来适应当地的猎物可用性。鉴于啮齿动物的数量经常随着时间的推移而大幅波动,替代猎物(例如爬虫类)的可用性对于豹猫的保护可能至关重要,尤其是极度濒危的西表猫。更一般地说,在评估它们对环境变化的脆弱性时,必须考虑超级食肉动物的营养多样性。西表岛豹猫的营养多样性和饮食生态位宽度高于大陆。这表明即使是超级食肉动物也可以利用营养可塑性来适应当地的猎物可用性。鉴于啮齿动物的数量经常随着时间的推移而大幅波动,替代猎物(例如爬虫类)的可用性对于豹猫的保护可能至关重要,尤其是极度濒危的西表猫。更一般地说,在评估它们对环境变化的脆弱性时,必须考虑超级食肉动物的营养多样性。鉴于啮齿动物数量经常随时间大幅波动,替代猎物(如爬虫类)的可用性对于豹猫的保护可能至关重要,尤其是极度濒危的西表猫。更一般地说,在评估它们对环境变化的脆弱性时,必须考虑超级食肉动物的营养多样性。鉴于啮齿动物的数量经常随着时间的推移而大幅波动,替代猎物(例如爬虫类)的可用性对于豹猫的保护可能至关重要,尤其是极度濒危的西表猫。更一般地说,在评估它们对环境变化的脆弱性时,必须考虑超级食肉动物的营养多样性。
更新日期:2020-01-21
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