Abstract

Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus, belonging to Asteraceae family, and widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, exhibits high nutraceutical and nutritional potential, as compared to the cultivated varieties. This work reports, for the first time, on genetic and metabolic characteristics of three natural populations of C. cardunculus present in the Pollino National Park (Calabria, Italy), referred to as wild cardoons, collected in different areas (Castrovillari, Trebisacce and Sibari). One wild and one cultivated sardinian genotypes were also analysed as comparison. Six nuSSRs markers, were used to assess population structure and diversity. The obtained results showed that all three populations genetically diverge from the cultivated one and cluster with sardinian wild populations. Moreover, PCoA and Bayesian clustering analyses evidenced that Trebisacce and Sibari populations were closer to each other compared to Castrovillari one. HPLC analysis, also revealed a metabolic profile particularly rich in phenolic acids for Sibari population which also exhibited the highest capacity to protect linoleic acid from peroxidation. To long-term, these results could be useful to preserve biodiversity and promote ecotypes with major nutraceutical proprieties.

摘要

Cynara un子亚种。与栽培品种相比，属于菊科（Asteraceae）科的心梗，广泛分布在地中海地区，具有很高的营养保健和营养潜力。这项工作首次报告了三个自然的C. cardunculus种群的遗传和代谢特征。目前存在于Pollino国家公园（意大利卡拉贝里亚）中，被称为野生菜豆，分布在不同地区（Castrovillari，Trebisacce和Sibari）。还比较了一种野生和一种耕种的撒丁岛基因型作为比较。六个nuSSRs标记用于评估种群结构和多样性。获得的结果表明，这三个种群在遗传上均不同于栽培的一个种群，并与撒丁岛野生种群成簇。此外，PCoA和贝叶斯聚类分析表明，与卡斯特罗维拉里（Castrovillari）相比，特雷比萨奇和西巴里（Sibari）种群彼此更接近。HPLC分析还揭示了对于Sibari种群而言特别富含酚酸的代谢概况，其也显示出保护亚油酸免于过氧化的最高能力。从长远来看，