Abstract

Carissa carandas (Apocynaceae), a tropical plant popularly known as karonda in India, is being commonly used as a condiment in pickles and spices. Many usages of the leaf have been described in the traditional system of medicine. However, this part of the plant has not been experimentally investigated comprehensively. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative, anti-microbial, and antioxidant potential of leaf extracts. The extracts were prepared in polar and non-polar solvents, and their anti-proliferative potential was tested by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-25-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in cancer/normal cell-lines. The antioxidant activity was estimated by performing various assays, and agar-disk-diffusion assay was used to explore the antimicrobial properties against six gram-positive and five gram-negative bacteria. Among all, methanol and methanol-water extract showed potent radical-scavenging, ferric-reducing, and antioxidant activity. Both the extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines and showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Mycobacterium smegmatis in a dose-dependent manner. The active extracts were evaluated for in vivo toxicity and found safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight in mice. Furthermore, methanol and methanol: water extracts were also tested for mutagenicity and found to be non-mutagenic. Hence, these findings suggest anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of C. carandas leaf extracts.

摘要

卡里萨·卡兰达斯（Apocynaceae）是印度人普遍称为karonda的一种热带植物，通常被用作酱菜和香料的调味品。在传统医学系统中已经描述了叶子的许多用法。但是，尚未对该植物的这一部分进行全面的实验研究。因此，本研究旨在研究叶提取物的抗增殖，抗微生物和抗氧化能力。在极性和非极性溶剂中制备提取物，并通过3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-25-二苯基四唑鎓溴化物测定在癌症/正常细胞系中的抗增殖潜力。通过执行各种测定来评估抗氧化活性，并使用琼脂圆盘扩散测定来探索对六种革兰氏阳性和五种革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌性能。所有之中，甲醇和甲醇-水提取物显示出有效的自由基清除，三价铁还原和抗氧化活性。两种提取物均抑制癌细胞系的生长，并显示出适度的抗金黄色葡萄球菌，变形链球菌和耻垢分枝杆菌呈剂量依赖性。对活性提取物的体内毒性进行了评估，发现在小鼠体内安全提取高达2000 mg / kg体重。此外，还测试了甲醇和甲醇：水提取物的致突变性，发现是非致突变性的。因此，这些发现表明，C。carandas叶提取物具有抗增殖，抗氧化和抗菌潜力。