Introduction: Converging evidence from both clinical and experimental studies has shown that Tourette syndrome (TS) is not a unitary condition, but a cluster of multiple phenotypes, which encompass both tics and specific behavioural and cognitive symptoms (mainly attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder).

Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the recent literature on the cognitive neuropsychiatry of TS.

Results: Although clinical research has shown that TS is not associated with cognitive deficits per se, the findings of recent studies have suggested the presence of subtle alterations in specific cognitive functions. A promising line of research on imitative behaviour could provide a common background for the alterations in executive control and social cognition observed in TS. Two different (but not mutually exclusive) neurocognitive theories have recently suggested that TS could originate from altered perception-action binding and social decision-making dysfunction, respectively.

Conclusions: Since the presence of behavioural comorbidities influences individualised treatment approaches, it is likely that a more precise characterisation of TS phenotypes, including cognitive aspects, will result in improved levels of care for patients with tic disorders.

简介：来自临床和实验研究的越来越多的证据表明，图雷特综合症（TS）不是单一疾病，而是多种表型的簇，包括抽动症和特定的行为和认知症状（主要是注意力缺陷和多动症以及强迫症）。

方法：我们对有关TS认知神经精神病学的最新文献进行了叙述性回顾。

结果：尽管临床研究表明TS本身与认知缺陷无关，但最近的研究发现表明特定认知功能存在细微变化。关于模仿行为的有前途的研究可以为在TS中观察到的执行控制和社会认知的改变提供共同的背景。两种不同的（但不是互斥的）神经认知理论最近表明，TS可能分别源自改变的知觉-行动约束和社会决策功能障碍。

结论：由于行为合并症的存在会影响个体化治疗方法，因此对TS表型（包括认知方面）的更精确表征可能会改善抽动障碍患者的护理水平。