ABSTRACT

Resources of germanium and its extraction from the resources by hydrometallurgical methods were reviewed. Although Ge exists in some sulfide ores, by-products and residues from the processing of these ores and coal combustion are the primary resources for Ge recovery. Optical fiber and solar panel wastes can be considered as important secondary resources of Ge. Hydrometallurgical processes consisting of leaching and solution purification is recommended for the recovery of germanium from these resources. In leaching, organic acids are added to the inorganic acid solution to enhance the formation of stable anionic Ge(IV) complexes, the existence of which makes solution purification simpler. Cementation, precipitation, membrane, ion exchange, and solvent extraction were reviewed as a solution purification step for the recovery of Ge(IV) from leach liquors. Several hydrometallurgical processes for the recovery of Ge(IV) from the main germanium-bearing resources were compared in terms of process efficiency and environmental burden.

摘要

综述了锗资源及其​​湿法冶金方法的提取。虽然锗存在于一些硫化矿中，但这些矿石加工和煤炭燃烧产生的副产品和残渣是锗回收的主要资源。光纤和太阳能电池板废料可被视为锗的重要二次资源。建议采用由浸出和溶液净化组成的湿法冶金工艺从这些资源中回收锗。在浸出过程中，将有机酸添加到无机酸溶液中以促进稳定阴离子 Ge(IV) 络合物的形成，其存在使溶液纯化更简单。胶结、沉淀、膜、离子交换、和溶剂萃取被认为是从浸出液中回收 Ge(IV) 的溶液纯化步骤。从工艺效率和环境负担方面比较了几种从主要含锗资源中回收 Ge(IV) 的湿法冶金工艺。