Abstract The inhibitory effect of three essential oils (thyme, clove, and geranium) on the dry weight, enzymatic activities (amylase, cellulase, and protease), polysaccharides, and nitrogen contents, and citric acid productivity of three deteriorated fungal species (Aspergillus niger MH557084, A. flavus MH557083, and Rhizopus oryzae MH557082) which isolated and identified from archeological objects, in Saqqara excavation, Giza, Egypt were investigated. Thyme oil was the most efficient essential oil, which causes the maximum significant inhibition in all physiological processes of the three isolated fungal species followed by clove and geranium, where thyme oil significantly inhibited the growth and physiological processes of Aspergillus niger at 0.75 μl/ml, while A. flavus and Rhizopus oryzae were inhibited completely at 0.5 μl/ml. Application of the three essential oils on the difference in the color of the three artificial aging experimental models was carried out. The thyme oil has the most acceptable difference in color (ΔE < 3) on the three tested experimental models accompanied with the highest antimicrobial activity, so it is a promising eco-friendly treatment for the preservation of archeological objects.

中文翻译：

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精油对从埃及萨卡拉发掘的三个考古对象中分离出的腐烂真菌物种的生长和生理活动的抑制作用

摘要 三种精油（百里香、丁香和天竺葵）对三种退化真菌（黑曲霉）的干重、酶活性（淀粉酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶）、多糖和氮含量以及柠檬酸生产力的抑制作用对埃及吉萨萨卡拉遗址中从考古对象中分离鉴定的MH557084、A. flavus MH557083和米根霉MH557082）进行了研究。百里香油是最有效的精油，它对三种分离的真菌物种的所有生理过程产生最大的显着抑制，其次是丁香和天竺葵，其中百里香油以 0.75 μl/ml 显着抑制黑曲霉的生长和生理过程，而 A. flavus 和 Rhizopus oryzae 在 0.5 μl/ml 时被完全抑制。进行了三种精油对三种人工老化实验模型颜色差异的应用。百里香油在三个测试的实验模型中具有最可接受的颜色差异（ΔE < 3），并具有最高的抗菌活性，因此它是一种很有前途的考古文物保存环保处理方法。